國中學生健康體適能與學業成績之關係

Relationships between Health-Related Physical Fitness and Academic Achievement in Junior High School Students

10.5297/ser.1403.010

曾竣瑋(Jun-Wei Tseng)；王鶴森(Ho-Seng Wang)

心肺適能 ； 身體質量指數 ； 1,600公尺跑走 ； 智力 ； cardiorespiratory endurance ； body mass index (BMI) ； 1,600 m run ； intelligence quotient (IQ)

大專體育學刊

14卷3期（2012 / 09 / 01）

367 - 377

繁體中文;英文

本研究目的在探討國中學生的健康體適能各項指標與學業成績之關係。本研究使用次級資料分析蒐集新北市某國中男學生506人（年齡13.1±0.8歲）、女學生524人（年齡13.1±0.8歲）之體適能成績與學業成績（包含總平均、語文及數學），再將各項體適能成績對照教育部公布之體適能常模予以分為金銀牌、銅牌、中等及請加強4級。所得數據分別進行描述統計、相關與單因子變異數分析。研究結果顯示：一、男生在1,600公尺跑走及仰臥起坐二項與學業成績（總平均、語文與數學）有顯著相關。二、女生在800公尺跑走及坐姿體前彎與學業成績有顯著相關。三、女生心肺適能達中等級以上者之學業成績（總平均、語文與數學）皆顯著高於請加強級，男生心肺適能達中等級以上者之數學成績也顯著高於請加強級。四、女生體重過重級的學業成績顯著低於體重適中與體重過輕級。本研究結論：健康體適能檢測項目中，以心肺適能與學業成績具有較高之相關，同時心肺適能為請加強級與體重過重的女學生之學業成績表現也較差。因此，對這些學生加強其心肺適能至中等程度並且協助減重，或許有助於進一步釐清健康體適能與學業成績二者間之因果關係。

The present study aimed to determine the relationship between health-related physical fitness grade and academic achievement in high school students. In this study, 506 boys (age: 13.1±0.8) and 524 girls (age: 13.1±0.8) of seventh, eighth and ninth grade were participated. The data were collected in 2009 based on participants' physical fitness grade and academic achievements. The results of this study showed that: 1. Boys' 1,600 m distance run and one-minute bent-leg curl-ups were positively correlated to academic achievement. 2. 800 m run and sit-and-reach stretch of girls' were found to be positively correlated to academic achievement. 3. Girls ranked higher than intermediate on cardiorespiratory endurance had significantly higher academic achievement than others. Similarly, boys ranked higher than intermediate on cardiorespiratory endurance had significantly higher mathematic scores than others. 4. Overweight girls had significantly lower academic achievement than others. In conclusion, cardiorespiratory endurance had a higher positive relationship with academic achievement compared to other physical fitness indicators. In addition, overweight girls and girls ranked lower than intermediate on cardiorespiratory endurance showed lower academic achievement. Further studies may necessary to investigate the fundamental relationship between physical fitness grade and academic achievement through training students, who ranked lower than intermediate on cardiorespiratory endurance and also help in weight reduction.

1. 邱慶瑞(2003)。學業成績好壞與體適能的表現比較─以臺北市永春高中為例。北體學報，11，173-179。
   連結：
2. 教育部（2007，9 月 14 日）。體適能常模。2010 年3 月 21 日，資料引自 http://www.fitness.org.tw/model01.php
3. Burkhalter, T. M.,Hillman, C. H.(2011).A narrative review of physical activity, nutrition, and obesity to cognition and scholastic performance across the human lifespan.Advances in Nutrition,2,201S-206S.
4. Carlson, S. A.,Fulton, J. E.,Lee, S. M.,Maynard, L. M.,Brown, D. R.,Kohl, H. W., III(2008).Physical education and academic achievement in elementary school: Data from the early childhood longitudinal study.American Journal of Public Health,98(4),721-727.
5. Chaddock, L.,Erickson, K. I.,Prakash, R. S.,Kim, J. S.,Voss, M. W.,Vanpatter, M.(2010).A neuroimaging investigation of the association between aerobic fitness, hippocampal volume, and memory performance in preadolescent children.Brain Research,1358,172-183.
6. Chaddock, L.,Pontifex, M. B.,Hillman, C. H.,Kramer, A. F.(2011).A review of the relation of aerobic fitness and physical activity to brain structure and function in children.Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society,17(6),975-985.
7. Chomitz, V. R.,Slining, M. M.,McGowan, R. J.,Mitchell, S. E.,Dawson, G. F.,Hacker, K. A.(2009).Is there a relationship between physical fitness and academic achievement? Positive results from public school children in the northeastern United States.The Journal of School Health,79(1),30-37.
8. Christensen, H.,Korten, A. E.,Mackinnon, A. J.,Jorm, A. F.,Henderson, A. S.,Rodgers, B.(2000).Are changes in sensory disability, reaction time, and grip strength associated with changes in memory and crystallized intelligence?.Gerontology,46(5),276-292.
9. Datar, A.,Sturm, R.,Magnabosco, J. L.(2004).Childhood overweight and academic performance: National study of kindergartners and first-graders.Obesity Research,12(1),58-68.
10. Deforche, B.,Lefevre, J.,De Bourdeaudhuij, I.,Hills, A. P.,Duquet, W.,Bouckaert, J.(2003).Physical fitness and physical activity in obese and nonobese Flemish youth.Obesity Research,11(3),434-441.
11. Dishman, R. K.,Berthoud, H. R.,Booth, F. W.,Cotman, C. W.,Edgerton, V. R.,Fleshner, M. R.(2006).Neurobiology of exercise.Obesity,14(3),345-356.
12. Donnelly, J. E.,Greene, J. L.,Gibson, C. A.,Smith, B. K.,Washburn, R. A.,Sullivan, D. K.(2009).Physical Activity Across the Curriculum (PAAC): A randomized controlled trial to promote physical activity and diminish overweight and obesity in elementary school children.Preventive Medicine,49(4),336-341.
13. Dwyer, T.,Sallis, J. F.,Blizzard, L.,Lazarus, R.,Dean, K.(2001).Relation of academic performance to physical activity and fitness in children.Pediatric Exercise Science,13(3),225-237.
14. Erickson, K. I.,Prakash, R. S.,Voss, M. W.,Chaddock, L.,Hu, L.,Morris, K. S.(2009).Aerobic fitness is associated with hippocampal volume in elderly humans.Hippocampus,19(10),1030-1039.
15. Evans, K.,Refshauge, K. M.,Adams, R.(2007).Trunk muscle endurance tests: Reliability, and gender differences in athletes.Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport,10(6),447-455.
16. Eveland-Sayers, B. M.,Farley, R. S.,Fuller, D. K.,Morgan, D. W.,Caputo, J. L.(2009).Physical fitness and academic achievement in elementary school children.Journal of Physical Activity and Health,6(1),99-104.
17. Fedewa, A. L.,Ahn, S.(2011).The effects of physical activity and physical fitness on children's achievement and cognitive outcomes: A meta-analysis.Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport,82(3),521-535.
18. Grissom, J. B.(2005).Physical fitness and academic achievement.Journal of Exercise Physiology,8(1),11-25.
19. Hands, B.,Larkin, D.,Parker, H.,Straker, L.,Perry, M.(2009).The relationship among physical activity, motor competence and health-related fitness in 14-year-old adolescents.Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports,19(5),655-663.
20. Hoeger, W. W. K.、Hoeger, S. A.、李水碧譯(2004)。體適能與全人健康的理論與實務。臺北市:藝軒。
21. Kahn, E. B.,Ramsey, L. T.,Brownson, R. C.,Heath, G. W.,Howze, E. H.,Powell, K. E.(2002).The effectiveness of interventions to increase physical activity. A systematic review.American Journal of Preventive Medicine,22(4),73-107.
22. Kim, D. S.,Kim, H. S.(2009).Body-image dissatisfaction as a predictor of suicidal ideation among Korean boys and girls in different stages of adolescence: A two-year longitudinal study.The Journal of Adolescent Health,45(1),47-54.
23. Knaepen, K.,Goekint, M.,Heyman, E. M.,Meeusen, R.(2010).Neuroplasticity - Exercise-induced response of peripheral brain-derived neurotrophic factor: A systematic review of experimental studies in human subjects.Sports Medicine,40(9),765-801.
24. Kristjánsson, A. L.,Sigfusdottir, I. D.,Allegrante, J. P.(2010).Health behavior and academic achievement among adolescents: The relative contribution of dietary habits, physical activity, body mass index, and self-esteem.Health Education and Behavior,37(1),51-64.
25. Lin, Y. C.,Yen, L. L.,Chen, S. Y.,Kao, M. D.,Tzeng, M. S.,Huang, P. C.(2003).Prevalence of overweight and obesity and its associated factors: Findings from National Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan, 1993-1996.Preventive Medicine,37(3),233-241.
26. Neeper, S. A.,Gomez-Pinilla, F.,Choi, J.,Cotman, C. W.(1995).Exercise and brain neurotrophins.Nature,373(6510),109.
27. Neeper, S. A.,Gomez-Pinilla, F.,Choi, J.,Cotman, C. W.(1996).Physical activity increases mRNA for brain-derived neurotrophic factor and nerve growth factor in rat brain.Brain Research,726(1-2),49-56.
28. Ruiz, J. R. J.,Castro-Piñero, J. J.,Artero, E. G. E.,Ortega, F. B. F.,Sjöström, M. M.,Suni, J. J.(2009).Predictive validity of health-related fitness in youth: A systematic review.British Journal of Sports Medicine,43(12),909-923.
29. Tremblay, M. S.,Inman, J. W.,Willms, J. D.(2000).The relationship between physical activity, self-esteem, and academic achievement in 12-year-old children.Pediatric Exercise Science,12(3),312-323.
30. Xie, B.,Chou, C. P.,Spruijt-Metz, D.,Reynolds, K.,Clark, F.,Palmer, P. H.(2006).Weight perception, academic performance, and psychological factors in Chinese adolescents.American Journal of Health Behavior,30(2),115-124.
31. 李彩華、方進隆(1998)。國中學生身體活動量與體適能相關因素研究。體育學報，25，139-148。
32. 林正常(2005)。運動生理學。臺北市:師大書苑。
33. 陳秉洋、莊國上、張瑞興(2008)。臺北市立士林國中學生健康體適能狀況之探討。中華民國九十七年國際體育運動與健康休閒發展趨勢研討會，嘉義縣:

1. 陳玉英、王中邦、方進隆(2014)。心肺適能與壓力知覺水準對國中生學業表現的探討。臺大體育學報，26，71-80。
2. 黃相瑋(2022)。大學羽球運動員用心與競賽壓力因應策略探討。臺東大學體育學報，36，35-55。
3. 張志銘、林靜婷(2014)。國小高年級學童體適能對學業表現影響之研究。管理實務與理論研究，8(3)，67-78。
4. 鄭智仁、葉昇達、王志全(2014)。體適能納入升學計畫之探討－以計畫行為理論觀點。臺灣體育學術研究，56，41-52。
5. (2015)。國小學童的身體發育與學業表現之相關研究。市北教育學刊，51，89-114。