抽菸對大學生運動表現與心率變異性的影響

Effects of Cigarette Smoking on Exercise Performance and Heart Rate Variability in College Students

10.5297/ser.1501.008

李佳倫(Chia-Lun Lee)；張文典(Wen-Dien Chang)；鄭景峰(Ching-Feng Cheng)；李佳融(Chia-Jung Lee)

無氧能力 ； 最大有氧能力 ； 頻譜分析 ； anaerobic capacity ； maximum aerobic capacity ； spectral domain analysis

大專體育學刊

15卷1期（2013 / 03 / 31）

75 - 87

繁體中文;英文

本研究旨在探討抽菸對男性大學生心率變異性（heart rate variability, HRV）、反覆衝刺表現和最大有氧能力的影響。31名習慣抽菸和99名無抽菸的受試者以隨機方式完成實驗。所有受試者於正式測驗前一週進行反覆高強度衝刺運動和20公尺折返跑練習。反覆高強度衝刺運動是由6×10-s衝刺所組成，每次衝刺之間有60-s動態恢復的休息時間；20公尺折返跑是指依照音樂節拍完成反覆20公尺的跑步，可作為最大有氧能力指標。受試者在反覆高強度衝刺運動前先以仰臥姿勢平躺安靜休息20分鐘並監測HRV，隨後完成衝刺測驗後再以相同姿勢平躺並監測HRV30分鐘。受試者在腳踏車測功儀上進行反覆高強度衝刺運動時記錄峰值功率、平均功率、總作功、心跳率和運動自覺努力程度。研究結果顯示：抽菸組與無抽菸組的峰值功率、平均功率、總作功、心跳率和運動自覺量表未達顯著差異，但是抽菸組的最大攝氧量與血壓分別顯著低於和高於無抽菸組。抽菸組的相鄰值平方合的均方根（root mean square successive difference, RMSSD）、相鄰正常心跳間期差值超過正常心跳間期差50毫秒的百分比（proportion of differences of adjacent R-R interval > 50 ms, pNN50）、高頻（high frequency, HF）和自然對數高頻（natural logarithm of the high frequency, lnHF）顯著高於無抽菸組。本研究結論是抽菸可能減弱最大攝氧量和升高運動後血壓，但不會影響無氧能力。此外，抽菸導致反覆高強度衝刺運動後的迷走神經驅策力增加，可能是為了增進運動後恢復期副交感神經系統的調節。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of cigarette smoking on heart rate variability (HRV), repeated sprint performance and maximum aerobic capacity in male college students. Thirty-one habitual smokers (S) and ninety-nine non-smokers (NS) completed this randomized experimental design. Prior to experiment, all participants were familiarized to the exercise protocol with a repeated high-intensity sprint test (RST) and a 20-m shuttle test (ST). RST test consists of 6 × 10-s sprints with 60-s active recovery between each sprint, and ST is a 20-m shuttle run according to the tempo of the music as indicating maximum aerobic capacity. The HRV parameters were recorded in supine position for 20-min prior and 30-min following the RST test. The peak power, mean power, total work, heart rate and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were taken during the RST on a cycle ergometer. Results showed no significant differences on peak power, mean power, total work, heart rate and RPE between S and NS groups. However, maximal oxygen uptake was significantly lower and blood pressure was significantly higher in S group than in NS group. Furthermore, the root mean square successive difference (RMSSD), proportion of differences of adjacent R-R interval ＞ 50 ms (pNN50), high frequency (HF), and natural logarithm of the high frequency (lnHF) were significantly higher in S group compared to NS group. We concluded that cigarette smoking may impair maximum aerobic capacity and increase blood pressure at the post-exercise, but the anaerobic capacity is not altered. Moreover, cigarette smoking increases vagal drive after RST that may be due to increased parasympathetic modulation during post-exercise recovery.

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