短期補充綠藻對運動後疲勞恢復的影響

Effects of Short-term Chlorella Supplementation on Fatigue Recovery after Exercise

10.5297/ser.1503.010

祁崇溥(Chung-Pu Chi)；蔡震壽(Jenn-Shou Tsai)；趙振瑞(Jane C. J. Chao)

重量訓練 ； 肌肉酸痛指數 ； 肝功能指數 ； weight training ； muscle sore index ； liver function index

大專體育學刊

15卷3期（2013 / 09 / 30）

348 - 358

繁體中文;英文

本研究目的在探討補充7－12天綠藻後，對恢復期肌肉損傷與最大肌力的影響。招募臺北醫學大學羽球校隊共24名球員作為受試者。本研究採雙盲、隨機設計（double-blind and randomized design）分為安慰劑組與綠藻組。所有受試者需口服12天高劑量綠藻（9克／天）或安慰劑後，於口服第7天時施做三項阻力運動誘發肌肉損傷，於口服第8、9天時分析恢復期第24、48小時之肌肉損傷、肌肉酸痛及肝功能等指數，於口服第10、11、12天時分析恢復期第3、4、5天之三項肌力變化。研究結果顯示：阻力運動後第24小時綠藻組之肌酸激酶（creatine kinase）活性明顯較安慰劑組為低；恢復期第3天之大腿推蹬、大腿屈曲及第4天之胸部推舉肌力表現，綠藻組較安慰劑組明顯提升；肌肉酸痛指數部分，與前測相較，兩組第24、48小時均顯著增加。而乳酸脫氫酶（lactate dehydrogenase）、丙胺酸轉胺酶（alanine aminotransferase）、天門冬胺酸轉胺酶（aspartate aminotransferase）活性與肌肉酸痛指數，兩組間則未達顯著差異。本研究結論：短期7－12天補充高劑量綠藻後，可抑制阻力運動後之肌肉損傷與提升恢復期上、下肢的最大肌力表現，此外，對肝功能並無損傷。

This study aimed to investigate the effects of Chlorella supplementation for 7-12 days on muscle damage and maximal muscle strength during the recovery period after exercise. Twenty-four badminton players from Taipei Medical University were recruited as subjects and divided into the placebo or Chlorella group in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled designed study. All subjects were orally given high-dose Chlorella (9 g/day) or placebo for 12 days, and performed three different resistance exercises to induce muscle damage after 7-day oral administration. Muscle damage, muscle soreness and liver function markers were determined 24 and 48 hours after resistance exercise., Three tests of muscle strength were also measured on the 3rd, 4th and 5th day during the recovery period (the 10th, 11th, 12th day after oral administration). The results showed that the blood creatine kinase activity was relatively lower at 24 hours after resistance exercise in Chlorella group than that of placebo group. The muscle strength of leg press and leg curl on 3rd day and chest press on 4th day during the recovery period in the Chlorella group were significantly higher compared to the placebo group, and the muscle soreness were significantly greater compared to pre-teat for both groups. However, the activities of lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, and muscle soreness index were not significantly different between the two groups. In conclusion, short-term with high-dose Chlorella supplementation for 7-12 days inhibited resistance exercise-induced muscle damage, and improved the muscle strength performance of upper and lower body during recovery. In addition, no damage to liver function markers was found in this study.

1. An, H. J.,Choi, H. M.,Park, H. S.,Han, J. G.,Lee, E. H.,Park, Y. S.(2006).Oral administration of hot water extracts of Chlorella vulgaris increases physical stamina in mice.Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism,50(4),380-386.
2. Brown, S. J.,Child, R. B.,Day, S. H.,Donnelly, A. E.(1997).Indices of skeletal muscle damage and connective tissue breakdown following eccentricmuscle contractions.European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology,75(4),369-374.
3. Clarkson, M. P.,Hubal, J. M.(2002).Exerciseinduced muscle damage in humans.American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation,81(11),S52-S69.
4. Connolly, D. A. J.,Sayers, S. P.,McHugh, M. P.(2003).Treatment and prevention of delayed onset muscle soreness.Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research,17(1),197-208.
5. Duarte, J. A.,Appell, H. J.,Carvalho, F.,Bastos, M. L.,Soares, J. M.(1993).Endothelium-derived oxidative stress may contribute to exerciseinduced muscle damage.International Journal of Sports Medicine,14(8),440-443.
6. Farooq, S. M.,Asokan, D.,Sakthivel, R.,Kalaiselvi, P.,Varalakshmi, P.(2004).Salubrious effect of C-phycocyanin against oxalate-mediated renal cell injury.Clinica Chimica Acta,348(1-2),199-205.
7. Fox, R. D.(1996).Spirulina: Production and potential.Aix-en-Provence, France:Edisud.
8. Fujiwara, Y.,Hirakawa, K.,Sinpo, K.(1990).Effect of long-term administration of Chlorella tablets on hyperlipemia.Journal of Japan Society of Nutrition and Food Sciences,43(3),167-173.
9. Goldfarb, A. H.,Bloomer, R. J.,Mckenzie, M. J.(2005).Combined antioxidant treatment effects on blood oxidative stress after eccentric exercise.Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise,37(2),234-239.
10. Guzman, S.,Gato, A.,Lamela, M.,Freire-Garabal, M.,Calleja, J. M.(2003).Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities of polysaccharide from Chlorella stigmatophora and Phaeodactylun tricornutum.Phytotherapy Research,17(6),665-670.
11. Howatson, G.,van Someren, K. A.(2008).The prevention and treatment of exercise-induced muscle damage.Sports Medicine,38(6),483-503.
12. Huang, L. X.,Lu, X. C.,Yang, B.,Lin, J. S.(2000).Effects of Spirulina platensis on exercise-induced muscle damage in rats.Sport Science,20(2),58-59.
13. Kalafati, M.,Jamurtas, A. Z.,Nikolaidis, M. G.,Paschalis, V.,Theodorou, A. A.,Sakellariou, G. S.(2010).Ergogenic and Antioxidant effects of Spirulina supplementation in humans.Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise,42(1),142-151.
14. Lee, S. H.,Kang, H. J.,Lee, H. J.,Kang, M. H.,Park, Y. K.(2010).Six-week supplementation with Chlorella has favorable impacton antioxidant status in Korean male smokers.Nutrition,26(2),175-183.
15. Lu, H. K.,Hsieh, C. C.,Hsu, J. J.,Yang, Y. K.,Chou, H. N.(2006).Preventive effects of Spirulina platensis on skeletal muscle damage under exercise-induced oxidative stress.European Journal of Applied Physiology,98(2),220-226.
16. Mani, U. V.,Desai, S.,Iyer, U.(2000).Studies on the long-term effect of Spirulina supplementation on serum lipid profile and glycated proteins in NIDDM patients.Journal of Nutraceuticals, Functional and Medical Foods,2(3),25-32.
17. Marcora, S. M.,Bosio, A.(2007).Effect of exerciseinduced muscle damage on endurance running performance in humans.Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports,17(6),662-671.
18. Merchant, R. E.,Andre, C. A.,Sica, D. A.(2002).Nutritional supplementation with Chlorella pyrenoidosa for mild to moderate hypertension.Journal of Medicinal Food,5(3),141-152.
19. Merchant, R. E.,Carmack, C. A.,Wise, C. M.(2000).Nutritional supplementation with Chlorella pyrenoidosa for patients with fibromyalgia syndrome: A pilot study.Phytotherapy Research,14(3),167-173.
20. Mizoguchi, T.,Arakawa, Y.,Kobayashi, M.,Fujishima, M.(2011).Influence of Chlorella powder intake during swimming stress in mice.Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications,404(1),121-126.
21. Okudo, M.,Hasegawa, T.,Sonoda, M.,Okabe, T.,Tanaka, M.(1975).The effects of Chlorella on the level of cholesterol in serum and liver.Japan Journal of Nutrition,33(1),3-8.
22. Paredes-Carbajal, M. C.,Torres-Duran, P. V.,Diaz-Zagoya, J. C.,Mascher, D.,Juarez-Oropeza, M. A.(2001).Effects of the ethanolic extract of Spirulina maxima on endothelium dependent vasomotor responses of rat aortic rings.Journal of Ethnopharmacology,75(1),37-44.
23. Powers, S. K.,Jackson, M. J.(2008).Exerciseinduced oxidative stress: Cellular mechanisms and impacton muscle force production.Physiological Reviews,88(4),1243-1276.
24. Rodenburg, J. B.,de Boer, R. W.,Schiereck, P.,van Echteld, C. J.,Bar, P. R.(1994).Changes in phosphorus compounds and water content in skeletal muscle due to eccentric exercise.European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology,68(3),205-213.
25. Round, F. E.(ed.),Chapman, D. J.(ed.)(1988).Progress in phycological research.Bristol, UK:Biopress.
26. Seo, D. I.,Kim, E.,Fahs, C. A.,Rossow, L.,Young, K.,Ferguson, S. L.(2012).Reliability of the one-repetition maximum test based on muscle group and gender.Journal of Sports Sciences and Medicine,11(2),221-225.
27. Shibata, S.,Natori, Y.,Nishihara, T.,Tomisaka, K.,Matsumoto, K.,Sansawa, H.(2003).Antioxidant and anti-cataract effects of Chlorella on rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes.Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology,49(5),334-339.
28. Tanaka, K.,Konishi, F.,Himeno, K.,Taniguchi, K.,Nomoto, K.(1984).Augmentation of antitumor resistance by a strain of unicellular green algae, Chlorella vulgaris.Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy,17(2),90-94.
29. Twist, C.,Eston, R.(2005).The effects of exerciseinduced muscle damage on maximal intensity intermittent exercise performance.European Journal of Applied Physiology,94(5-6),652-658.
30. Uliyar, M.,Alefia, S.,Uma, I.,Panam, P.(2000).The effect of Spirulina supplementation on blood haemoglobin levels of anaemic adult girls.International Journal of Food Science and Technology,37(6),642-644.
31. Vijayavel, K.,Anbuselvam, C.,Balasubramanian, M. P.(2007).Antioxidant effect of the marine algae Chlorella vulgaris against naphthaleneinduced oxidative stress in the albino rats.Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry,303(1-2),39-44.
32. Volfinger, L.,Lassourd, V.,Michaux, J. M.,Braun, J. P.,Toutain, P. L.(1994).Kinetic evaluation of muscle damage during exercise by calculation of amount of creatine kinase released.American Journal of Physiology,266(2, Pt. 2),R434-R441.
33. Willoughby, D. S.,McFarlin, B.,Bois, C.(2003).Interleukin-6 expression after repeated bouts of eccentric exercise.International Journal of Sports Medicine,24(1),15-21.

1. 廖翊宏、陳宗與、許銘芬、張世沛、侯建文(2017)。高強度阻力運動後紅血球參數之變化。大專體育學刊，19(2)，160-169。
2. 楊孫錦、張世沛、祁崇溥、林學宜、余思賢(2017)。補充四週綠藻對運動員阻力運動引起肌肉損傷的影響。大專體育學刊，19(2)，183-194。