計畫行為理論對大學生從事規律運動行為之影響因素

Determinants of Theory of Planned Behavior on Regular Exercise Behavior among University Students

10.5297/ser.1601.005

李永祥(Yong-Hsiang Lee)；余宗龍(Chung-Long Yu)

行為意圖 ； 態度 ； 主觀規範 ； 知覺行為控制 ； behavioral intention ； attitude ； subjective norm ； perceived behavioral control

大專體育學刊

16卷1期（2014 / 03 / 31）

45 - 58

繁體中文;英文

本研究目的在瞭解科技大學學生規律運動現況，並且進一步利用國外健身領域應用最廣泛的計畫行為理論來探討科技大學學生從事規律運動行為的影響因素。本研究採便利取樣，以臺灣科技大學與東南科技大學學生為研究對象，總計發出500份量表，經回收整理後有效量表為442份，有效回收率達88.4%。研究工具為研究者以Ajzen（2007）所推薦的問卷編製方法，依開放式引導問卷填答的結果，自編而成的結構式問卷。研究結果主要發現為：一、研究對象在未來三個月從事規律運動行為的意圖以正向者居多，但目前有規律運動行為者，僅占總樣本數的22%；二、態度、主觀規範與知覺行為控制對規律運動行為意圖具有42%的解釋量；態度與主觀規範最能有效解釋從事規律運動的意圖；三、計畫行為理論應用在規律運動行為意圖之研究上，比理性行為理論更為合適；四、父母親有運動習慣與平日有收看運動性電視節目者，可在三個理論變項外，增加對意圖的解釋變異量。本研究結論：根據本研究發現，實務者可以擬定有效策略，強化受試者之態度、主觀規範與知覺行為控制，並營造家庭親子運動的情境、發揮運動性電視節目的影響力，以提高其從事規律運動的意圖。

The main objective of this study was to understand the current status of regular exercise behavior among university students. Furthermore, the determinants of students' intention to participate in regular exercise were examined by employing the theory of planned behavior (TPB). This study adopted the convenience sampling procedure, and data were collected from 442 students of National Taiwan University of Science and Technology and Tungnan University, respectively. According to the Ajzen's (2007) TPB questionnaire construction procedures, we developed this research instrument based on the outcomes of the proposed open-ended questions. The major findings were as follows: (a) respondents had positive tendencies toward taking part in regular exercise, while about 22% of them had cultivated a habit of regular exercise; (b) the attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control explained 42% unique variance in intentions of involving in regular exercise; (c) the TPB was found to be better than TRA (theory of reasoned action) in predicting the behavioral intention of students to participate in regular exercise; and (d) along with three TPB predictors, two other variables, including parent's habit of regular exercise and their habit of watching sports programs on TV, would provide additional variance that may explain regular exercise behavioral intention. These findings conclude that practitioners can formulate effective strategies to strengthen the subject's attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control. Furthermore, combined participation of parents and children in exercise, and watching sports programs on TV may enhance their intention of participating in regular exercise.

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