智能與學習障礙學童之肥胖與身體活動特性

Obesity and Physical Activity Characteristics of Schoolchildren with Intellectual and Learning Disability

10.5297/ser.1701.008

陳世昌(Shih-Chang Cheng)；余思賢(Szu-Hsien Yu)；陳奕良(Yi-Liang Chen)；廖進安(Chin-An Liao)

運動行為 ； 身心障礙 ； 身體質量指數 ； exercise behavior ； physical and mental disability ； body mass index

大專體育學刊

17卷1期（2015 / 03 / 31）

87 - 95

繁體中文;英文

先前研究顯示具有智能或學習障礙的兒童其肥胖問題較一般族群普遍，但是較少研究探討身體活動於其中所扮演之角色。故本研究目的為以橫斷面的研究方法探討具有智能或學習障礙國小學童其對於肥胖、身體活動與身體活動影響因子之相關性。我們以「臺北市學身心健康資料問卷調查」為資料來源，將其分為無障礙組與智能／學習障礙組，並分析身體組成、坐式生活、身體活動與影響身體活動因素指標。研究結果發現：以共變數分析經由調整影響因子包括年齡與性別後，智能／學習障礙學童之身體質量指數顯著高於對照組，但是於身高、坐式生活時間與身體活動時間皆顯著低於對照組。多項對數迴歸分析經由調整影響因子包括年齡與性別後，智能／學習障礙與肥胖比率、未達到建議之運動次數和時間、不會主動找伴運動比率達顯著相關。本研究為首次針對小學智能與學習障礙學童肥胖程度和身體活動參與進行調查與分析之大規模研究，結論為較低的身體活動量可能為智能與學習障礙學童肥胖盛行率較高之原因，此外社會化不足可能減低智能／學習障礙學童的運動參與。未來希望能安排和介入學習與智能障礙兒童之身體活動，以達預防肥胖的發生。

Previous studies indicated that schoolchildren with intellectual and learning disability have higher prevalence of obesity than those without disability. However, the role of physical activity on obesity in schoolchildren with intellectual and learning disability is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of obesity in children with or without intellectual and learning disability, and to distinguish the relationship with their physical activity levels. The data for the study were extracted from the Taipei School Children Physical and Mental Health Survey, a population based, cross-sectional epidemiological study of elementary schoolchildren of Taipei city. Based on the data, schoolchildren were divided into non-disability (ND) and intellectual/learning disability (ILD) groups. We found that gender- and age-adjusted body mass index (BMI) were higher in ILD than ND as analyzed by ANCOVA. Height and sedentary behavior times (watching TV and using computer) and physical activity levels were lower in ILD compared to ND group. Data adjusting for covariates in multinomial logistic regression showed that intellectual/learning disabilities were associated with obesity, exercise time below suggestion, and proportion of tendency was not to find the partner for exercise. The present study findings concluded that the high prevalence of obesity appears to be associated with physical activity level in schoolchildren with intellectual/learning disabilities. Moreover, we also found that ＂people support＂ plays an important role in exercise participation of elementary schoolchildren with intellectual/learning disability.

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