焦慮對籃球罰球能力知覺與表現的影響

Effects of Anxiety on Perception and Performance of Basketball Free Throw

10.5297/ser.1803.004

楊濬恆(Chun-Heng Yang)；徐耀輝(Yao-Hui Hsu)；許惠淨(Hui-Ching Hsu)；張智惠(Chih-Hui Chang)

環境賦使 ； 直接知覺 ； 心跳率 ； 行動度量的訊息 ； affordance ； direct perception ； heart rate ； action-scaled information

大專體育學刊

18卷3期（2016 / 09 / 30）

197 - 210

繁體中文;英文

本研究旨在探討焦慮對籃球罰球能力知覺與表現之影響。18位受過正規籃球訓練（7.6±2.3年）的男子大專甲組籃球選手為研究參與者，平均年齡20.4±1.2歲。參與者於無焦慮干擾情境與有焦慮干擾情境下各進行30次罰球投籃，每次投籃前向後轉180度背對籃框，陳述心跳率、及焦慮程度，並評估最小能投進籃框，而後才進行投籃；有焦慮干擾情境的流程與無焦慮干擾情境相同，增加扣除未進罰球數的津貼和相同於未進罰球球數的固定式腳踏車有氧訓練作為焦慮之來源。研究結果顯示：有、無焦慮干擾情境下的焦慮得分與知覺最小能投進籃框達顯著差異，投籃得分則沒有顯著差異。Kendall's tau-b相關係數分析顯示無焦慮干擾情境時的焦慮得分與投籃得分達顯著負相關；有焦慮干擾情境時的焦慮得分與知覺最小能投進籃框達顯著正相關。本研究結論為以扣除津貼及進行額外有氧訓練做為焦慮干擾的方式，提高了籃球罰球時的焦慮程度，並使個人認為自己的罰球能力降低了，但不影響個人的罰球表現。對大專甲組籃球選手而言，無焦慮干擾情境時，愈焦慮則投籃表現愈差；有焦慮干擾情境時，愈焦慮則知覺的罰球能力愈差。

The purpose of present study was to examine the effects of anxiety on the perception and performance of basketball free throw. Eighteen UBA Public-I level male basketball players were participated in this study. Players had been trained in basketball team for 7.6 ± 2.3 years, and aged 20.4 ± 1.2 years old. All participants shot 30 free throws under two conditions. In the no anxiety intervention (NAI) condition, each participant turned his back to the basket, and reported his heart rate, the anxiety score and the perceived minimal shoot-able hoop to an experimenter, and then performed a shot. In the anxiety intervention (AI) condition, an additional design was added, the missed shots were accumulated and participants were required to perform a set of aerobic training in the same minutes, and allowances were deducted according to the number of their missed shots. The results showed that there was a significant difference between two conditions on anxiety score and perceived minimal shoot-able hoop, but no difference between conditions in free throw score. Kendall's tau-b correlation test showed that in NAI condition, there was a negative correlation between anxiety score and free throw score, whereas in AI condition, there was a positive correlation between anxiety score and perceived minimal shoot-able hoop. This study concludes that the anxiety intervention elevated the state anxiety of the players and degraded their perceived ability, but did not affect their performance in free throw. When there was no anxiety intervention, the higher the level of anxiety the poorer the performance of their free throw. When there was anxiety intervention, the higher the level of anxiety the lower the ability of their perceived free throw.

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