競技運動情境中運動員的社會壓力來源與影響

Sources of Social Pressure and Its Influences on Athletes in Competitive Situations

10.5297/ser.1904.002

林子文(Tzu-Wen Lin)；邱逸翔(Yi-Hsiang Chiu)；楊瑞珠(Jui-Chu Yang)；程瑞福(Jui-Fu Chen)

長期壓力源 ； 角色緊繃 ； 利益分配 ； chronic stressors ； role strains ； distribution of benefits

大專體育學刊

19卷4期（2017 / 12 / 31）

316 - 328

繁體中文;英文

本研究目的是以Aneshensel的社會壓力理論整體性觀點來檢視運動員在競技運動情境中面臨到的社會壓力來源、種類，以及反應。以8位具備選手身分，以及曾經有參與過大型賽事（例如：中華民國全國運動會、國際比賽等）為研究對象，利用半結構式訪談蒐集資料。研究結果發現：運動員社會壓力歷程包含社會階層、長期壓力源，以及社會壓力反應。社會階層包含教練、父母、隊友以及非重要他人；長期壓力源包含角色緊繃、社會地位不一致、利益分配；社會壓力反應包含認知、情意、行為反應。本研究結論：對運動員而言，在訓練或者比賽過程中，仍然面臨許多壓力，且可能容易造成運動表現的下滑、產生負面情緒，或者不適當的認知反應，這些現象值得各個訓練團隊重視的議題。

Based on Aneshensels' social stress theory, the purpose of this study was to examine the sources, types, and responses of social pressure on athletes in competition situations. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect the data from eight athletes, who had participated in national and international competitions. Results showed that athletes' social stress process comprises social hierarchy, chronic stressors, and social stress response. The social hierarchy includes coaches, parents, teammates and other non-significant variables; chronic stressors include the role strains, inconsistency in social status, and distribution of benefits. Social stress includes cognitive, affective and behavioral responses. This study concludes that there is a lot of pressure on athletes during the training and competition, which directly leads to decline athletic performance, induces negative emotions and inadequate cognitive reactions. These phenomena deserve receiving attention by all sports teams.

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