動靜態環境中支撐器對單足站立姿勢控制的效應

Effectiveness of Supporting Aids on Single-Leg Stance Postural Control in Dynamic and Static Environments

10.5297/ser.201803_20(1).0001

楊梓楣(Chih-Mei Yang)；黃嘉笙(Chia-Sheng Huang)；黃嘉君(Chia-Chun Huang)；黃嘉彬(Chia-Pin Huang)；湯鳴遠(Ming-Yuan Tang)；施長志(Chang-Chih Shih)

身體擺動 ； 知覺─行動配連 ； 移動室 ； 視知覺 ； body sway ； perception-action coupling ； moving room ； visual perception

大專體育學刊

20卷1期（2018 / 03 / 31）

1 - 15

繁體中文;英文

生態觀點指出看似非平衡必要的身體動作，實質上卻有助於個體覺知關鍵訊息以達成平衡站立的功能。本研究目的聚焦在使用不同的支撐器時，其身體擺動量的改變是否為一種知覺因應的指標。48名健康成人為實驗參與者，被分派至三個不同的動態環境組別，分別為移動室移動、車臺移動、與移動室與車臺共動。參與者以單腳站於以下操弄情境：一、支撐器包含單點支撐手杖、四腳支撐手杖、固定直立扶桿、上方固定拉把、以及上方懸垂拉環共五種。二、靜態環境與三種動態環境。實驗中記錄參與者與移動室產生的動作資料，並計算頭部擺動的變異，以混合設計二因子變異數分析，檢驗操弄效果的差異性。研究結果顯示：當個體站立在靜態環境中，四腳支撐手杖對姿勢穩定具有較佳的效果。在動態環境中，移動室與車臺共動的前後與左右身體擺動變異，皆明顯大於移動室移動或車臺移動，然而，提供支撐器的效果未能在動態環境中被觀察到，只有在移動室移動的情境，參與者使用上方固定拉把，有明顯降低左右方向身體擺動變異的現象。本研究結論為支撐器種類會影響個體在不同環境中維持單足平衡的姿勢控制，當周邊環境在靜止狀態下，四腳手杖的輔助能明顯地降低左右方向的身體擺動，此外，在移動的周邊環境裡（如移動室中），固定拉把有助於個體維持身體左右方向的穩定性。

The ecological perspectives revealed that body movements seemingly irrelevant to balance movement are actually helpful to pick up the critical information for stance stability. This study aimed to investigate whether the body sways can influence perception when standing with the help of various supporting aids in different perturbed environments. Forty-eight adult participants were assigned into three groups of dynamic environments, including room moving, car moving, and room-car moving together. Participants stood on a single leg in following manipulation conditions: (1) With the help of supporting aids, such as a stick, quadripod, handrail, strap hanger, and strap; (2) Stationary and dynamic environments. All kinematics of the participants were recorded to compute the variability of head motion during the experiment. Mixed-design two-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were adopted to analyze the effects of environments and supporting aids. The results showed that the quadripod was more effective to stabilize the stance when participants were standing in the static environment. In the dynamic environment, variabilities in anteroposterior and mediolateral axes for room-car moving were significantly higher than those for room moving or car moving conditions alone. However, the stabilizing effects among the supporting aids were not significantly different in dynamic environments. When participants used strap hanger, the supporting aid obviously reduced the mediolateral axis variability on the room moving. From these findings, we conclude that supporting aids affect the single-leg stance maintenance in different environments of the individual. Quadripod support significantly reduces the variability of the body sway in the mediolateral direction under the static environment. Moreover, in a dynamic environment (such as moving room), strap hanger helps participants to maintain stance stability in the mediolateral direction.

1. 黃嘉君、楊梓楣(2012)。不穩定視覺環境的閱讀姿勢控制。大專體育學刊，14(2)，161-169。
   連結：
2. 黃嘉君、楊梓楣(2011)。明眼者與盲者對器物可伸取性的知覺與姿勢控制。中華心理學刊，53(1)，21-34。
   連結：
3. 楊梓楣、黃嘉君、施長志、黃嘉笙(2016)。平衡因應行為的年齡差異：以知覺─行動配連觀點檢證移動室情境之視覺光流操弄效果。體育學報，49(4)，403-414。
   連結：
4. Edwards, A. S. (1946). Body sway and vision. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 36(6), 526-535. doi:10.1037/h0059909
5. Baccini, M.,Rinaldi, L. A.,Federighi, G.,Vannucchi, L.,Paci, M.,Masotti, G.(2007).Effectiveness of fingertip light contact in reducing postural sway in older people.Age and Aging,36(1),30-35.
6. Clapp, S.,Wing, A. M.(1999).Light touch contribution to balance in normal bipedal stance.Experimental Brain Research,125(4),521-524.
7. Fitzpatrick, P.,Carello, C.,Schmidt, R. C.,Corey, D.(1994).Haptic and visual perception of an affordance for upright posture.Ecological Psychology,6(4),265-287.
8. Gibson, J. J.(1979).The ecological approach to visual perception.Hillsdale, NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum associates.
9. Gibson, J. J.(1966).The sense considered as perceptual systems.Boston, MA:Houghton Mifflin.
10. Huang, C.-C,Yang, C.-M.(2016).Visual information and support surface for postural control in visual search task.Perceptual and Motor Skills,123(2),394-410.
11. Jeka, J. J.,Easton, R. D.,Bentzen, B. L.,Lackner, J. R.(1996).Haptic cues for orientation and postural control in sighted and blind individuals.Perception & Psychophysics,58(3),409-423.
12. Jeka, J. J.,Lackner, J. R.(1995).The role of haptic cues from rough and slippery surfaces in human postural control.Experimental Brain Research,103(2),267-276.
13. Jeka, J. J.,Lackner, J. R.(1994).Fingertip contact influences human postural control.Experimental Brain Research,79(2),495-502.
14. Jeka, J. J.,Schöner, G.,Dijkstra, T.,Ribeiro, P.,Lackner, J. R.(1997).Coupling of fingertip somatosensory information to head and body sway.Experimental Brain Research,113(3),475-483.
15. Jeka, J.,Oie, K.,Schöner, G.,Dijkstra, T.,Henson, E.(1998).Position and velocity coupling of postural sway to somatosensory drive.Journal of Neurophysiology,79(4),1661-1674.
16. Johannsen, L.,Wing, A. M.,Hatzitaki, V.(2007).Effects of maintaining touch contact on predictive and reactive balance.Journal of Neurophysiology,97(4),2686-2695.
17. Lee, D. N.,Aronson, E.(1974).Visual proprioceptive control of standing in human infants.Perception & Psychophysics,15(3),529-532.
18. Maeda, A.,Nakamura, K.,Otomo, A.,Higuchi, S.,Motohashi, Y.(1998).Body support effect on standing balance in the visually impaired elderly.Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation,79(8),994-997.
19. Mark, L. S.,Balliet, J. A.,Craver, K. D.,Douglas, S. D.,Fox, T.(1990).What an actor must do in order to perceive the affordance for sitting.Ecological Psychology,2(4),325-366.
20. Oullier, O.,Bardy, B. G.,Stoffregen, T. A.,Bootsma, R. J.(2002).Postural coordination in looking and tracking tasks.Human Movement Science,21(2),147-167.
21. Rabin, E.,Bortolami, S. B.,DiZio, P.,Lackner, J. R.(1999).Haptic stabilization of posture: Changes in arm proprioception and cutaneous feedback for different arm orientations.Journal of Neurophysiology,82(6),3541-3549.
22. Rabin, E.,DiZio, P.,Ventura, J.,Lackner, J. R.(2008).Influences of arm proprioception and degrees of freedom on postural control with light touch feedback.Journal of Neurophysiology,99(2),595-604.
23. Smart, L. J., Jr.,Stoffregen, T. A.,Bardy, B. G.(2002).Visually induced motion sickness predicted by postural instability.Human Factors,44(3),451-465.
24. Souder, M. A.(1972).Visual and proprioceptive determinants of space perception and movement.Journal of Motor Behavior,4(1),13-22.
25. Stoffregen, T. A.(1985).Flow structure versus retinal location in the optical control of stance.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance,11(5),554-565.
26. Stoffregen, T. A.,Hove, P.,Schmit, J.,Bardy, B. G.(2006).Voluntary and involuntary postural responses to imposed optic flow.Motor Control,10(1),24-33.
27. Stoffregen, T. A.,Pagulayan, R. J.,Bardy, B. G.,Hettinger, L. J.(2000).Modulating postural control to facilitate visual performance.Human Movement Science,19(2),203-220.
28. Stoffregen, T. A.,Smart, L. J., Jr.(1998).Postural instability precedes motion sickness.Brain Research Bulletin,47(5),437-448.
29. Stoffregen, T. A.,Smart, L. J.,& Bardy, B. G.,Pagulayan, R. J.(1999).Postural stabilization of looking.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance,25(6),1641-1658.
30. Stoffregen, T. A.,Yang, C.-M.,Bardy, B. G.(2005).Affordance judgments and nonlocomotor body movement.Ecological Psychology,17(2),75-104.
31. Streepey, J. W.,Kenyon, R. V.,Keshner, E. A.(2007).Field of view and base of support width influence postural responses to visual stimuli during quiet stance.Gait & Posture,25(1),49-55.
32. Vuillerme, N.,Nougier, V.(2003).Effect of light finger touch on postural sway after lowerlimb muscular fatigue.Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation,84(10),1560-1563.
33. Witkin, H. A.,Wapner, S.(1950).Visual factors in the maintenance of upright posture.The American Journal of Psychology,63(1),31-50.

1. 麥劉湘涵,陳妙怡,高裕軒,翁士航,林恭儀(2023)。慣性式阻力訓練對體操選手下肢神經肌肉和運動表現之影響。中醫藥研究論叢，26(3)，15-32。