優秀鉛球運動員在投擲與釋放階段之運動學與能量變化

Kinematics and Energy Change in Elite Shot-Putters During the Throwing and Releasing Phases

10.5297/ser.201809_20(3).0004

陳朝福(Chao-Fu Chen)；王順正(Soun-Cheng Wang)；彭賢德(Hsien-Te Peng)

時間結構 ； 相對作功 ； 相對功率 ； time structure ； relative work ； relative power

大專體育學刊

20卷3期（2018 / 09 / 30）

238 - 249

繁體中文;英文

本研究目的探討八位男性優秀鉛球運動員在投擲階段與釋放階段之運動學與能量變化。將拍攝之影像透過Kwon 3D 3.1 (Visol, Gwangmyeong, South Korea)動作分析系統進行數位化分析，然後計算時間結構、鉛球機械能量與關節運動學參數。研究結果顯示鉛球投擲基礎運動學中，以投擲總時間有最大的變異係數(coefficient of variance, CV%)。軀幹、前導腳與對側腳小腿角度變化和時間結構等參數，在投擲階段與釋放階段之間有顯著差異。投擲距離與出手速度、釋放階段之相對功率成正相關；釋放階段之相對作功與釋放階段相對功率、釋放階段之對側腳大腿角度變化等成正相關；釋放階段之對側腳腳掌角度變化與釋放階段、投擲階段之相對作功、釋放階段之相對功率成負相關。本研究結論：增加出手速度、釋放階段之對側腳大腿伸展，以及減少對側腳腳掌在釋放階段過度屈曲可以獲得較大的相對作功，來提升釋放階段之相對功率，獲得較好的投擲距離。

The aim of this study was to characterize the kinematics and energy change in 8 elite male shot-putters during the throwing and releasing phases. In this study, limb movements were digitized using Kwon 3D 3.1 (Visol, Gwangmyeong, South Korea) motion analysis system, and then the time structure, mechanical energy and joint kinematics were calculated. In addition to the largest coefficient of variation (CV%) for the total time of throwing, we found significant differences in the angular changes in the trunk and shanks of the leading and opposite legs, as well as time structure between throwing and release phases. The throwing distance was positively correlated with release velocity and relative power during the release phase. Relative work during the release phase was positively correlated with relative power and change in thigh angle of the opposite leg during the release phase. Change in foot angle of the opposite leg was negatively correlated with relative work during the release and throwing phases and relative power during the release phase. Our results conclude that a longer throwing distance in shot-put for improvements of relative work and power during the release phase usually links to increases in release velocity/ thigh extension of the opposite leg during the release phase, and decrease in foot flexion of the opposite leg during the release phase.

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