站立式八極板生物阻抗測量足球運動員的身體組成

Standing-Posture Eight-Polar Bioelectrical Impedance on Measuring the Body Composition of Football Players

10.5297/ser.201809_20(3).0005

梁建偉(Chien-Wei Liang)；趙榮瑞(Jung-Jui Chao)；呂桂花(Kuei-Hua Lu)；謝坤昌(Kuen-Chang Hsieh)；呂學冠(Hsueh-Kuan Lu)

雙能X光吸收儀 ； 瘦肉組織 ； 體脂率 ； dual energy X-ray absorptiometry ； lean body mass ； body fat percentage

大專體育學刊

20卷3期（2018 / 09 / 30）

250 - 264

繁體中文;英文

身體組成是運動科學領域的重要測量指標，其中生物阻抗分析法為發展迅速且廣被使用的測量方法之一。本研究目的在於選用站立式八極板運動員模式之生物阻抗分析體組成儀評估足球運動員的全身、四肢瘦肉組織質量、體脂率、骨骼肌肉量與雙能X光吸收儀測量結果的可靠度。以56名臺灣足球運動員（男子28名與女子28名）為研究對象，分別使用站立式八極板生物阻抗分析體組成儀與雙能X光吸收儀測量身體各肢段體脂率與瘦肉組織質量。研究結果發現：從生物阻抗分析體組成儀測得全身、上肢、下肢之阻抗指數與雙能X光吸收儀所測得全身、上肢及下肢的瘦肉組織皆有高效標關聯效度。從雙能X光吸收儀與生物阻抗分析體組成儀所測得的四肢瘦肉組織，應用骨骼肌估測方程式計算所得之全身骨骼肌肉量有高效標關聯效度。上肢、下肢、軀幹與頭部加總、全身的體脂率於兩儀器的測量結果有效標關聯效度中、高度的結果。本研究結論：與雙能X光吸收儀相比，選用運動員模式之站立式八極板生物阻抗分析體組成儀用於最高等級足球運動員的身體組成與骨骼肌肉量估測結果具有高度參考價值。

Body composition is an important outcome measure in sports science. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) has been one of the most rapidly developed and extended method for measuring the body composition. The aim of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of an eight-polar BIA (BIA_8) system on the evaluation of total body lean soft-tissue, appendicular lean soft-tissue, body fat percentage and skeletal muscle mass against a dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in Taiwanese football players. Fifty-six football players (28 males and 28 females) were participated in this study, and appendicular fat percentage and lean soft-tissue were measured by both standing-posture eight-polar BIA and DXA. The results indicated that correlation between the bioimpedance index (BI) on total body, upper limbs and lower limbs of BIA_8 and the estimated result on the lean soft-tissue of total body, upper limbs and lower limbs by DXA in football players showed a high criterion-related validity. The mean skeletal muscle mass of subjects that was derived from Kim's skeletal muscle mass estimation equation showed high criterion-related validity between BIA_8 and DXA. The body fat percentage of upper limbs, lower limbs, trunk plus head and total body between BIA_8 and DXA all showed medium to high criterion-related validity. We conclude that the standing-posture eight-polar BIA is a valid and reliable method for estimating the body composition and skeletal muscle mass of elite football players.

1. 李佳怡、何維華、李超群(2004)。磁振造影法探討生物電阻儀測量體脂肪的準確性研究。大專體育學刊，6(3)，189-197。
   連結：
2. Al-Jaouni, R.,Schneider, S. M.,Filippi, J.,Arab, K.,Hébuterne, X.(2003).Evolution of body composition during weight loss in elderly malnourished patients: A longitudinal study.Clinical Nutrition,22(Suppl. 1),S4.
3. Andreoli, A.,Melchiorri, G.,Brozzi, M.,Di Marco, A.,Volpe, S. L.,Garofano P.,De Lorenzo, A.(2003).Effect of different sports on body cell mass in highly trained athletes.Acta Diabetologica,40,S122-S125.
4. Atkinson, G.,Nevill, A. M.(1998).Statistical methods for assessing measurement error (reliability) in variables relevant to sports medicine.Sports Medicine,26,217-238.
5. Ballor, D. L.,Keesey, R. E.(1991).A meta-analysis of the factors affecting exercise-induced changes in body mass, fat mass and fat-free mass in males and females.International Journal of Obesity,1,717-726.
6. Bland, J. M.,Altman, D. G.(1986).Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement.Lancet,327(8476),307-310.
7. Camões, M.,Silva, B.,Simões, M.,Clemente F. M.,Bezerra, P.(2017).Body fat estimation among young football players: DXA versus bioimpedance.Motricidade,13(1),115-116.
8. Chen, K. T.,Chen, Y. J.,Wang, C. W.,Chaung, C. L.,Chiang, L. M.,Lai, C. L.,Hsieh, K. C.(2016).Comparison of standing posture bioelectrical impedance analys is with DXA for body composition in a large, healthy Chinese population.Plos One,11,e0160105.
9. Cheng, M. F.,Chen, Y. Y.,Jang, T. R.,Lin, W. L.,Chen, J.,Hsieh, K. C.(2016).Total body composition estimated by standing-posture 8-electrode bioelectrical impedance analysis in male wrestlers.Biology of Sport,33(4),399-405.
10. Davis, J. A.,Brewer, J.,Atkin, D.(1992).Preseason physiological characteristics of English first and second division soccer players.Journal of Sports Sciences,10(6),541-547.
11. Dempster, P.,Aitkens, S.(1995).A new air displacement method for the determination of human body composition.Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise,27(12),1692-1697.
12. Gibson, A. L.,Holmes, J. C.,Desautles, R. L.,Edmonds, L. B.,Nuudi, L.(2008).Ability of new octapolar bioimpedance spectroscopy analyzers to predic t 4-component-model percentage body fat in Hispanic, black, and white adults.American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,87,332-338.
13. Janssen, I.,Heymsfield, S. B.,Baumgartner, R. N.,Ross, R.(2000).Estimation of skeletal muscle mass by bioelectrical impedance analysis.Journal of Applied Physiology,89(2),465-471.
14. Kao, M.-F.,Lu, H.-K.,Jang, T.-R.,Yang, W.-C.,Chen, C.-H.,Chen, Y.-Y.,Hsieh, K.-C.(2010).Comparison of different measurement equations for body composition estimation in male athletes.International Journal of Sport and Exercise Science,3(1),11-16.
15. Katch, F. I.(1969).Practice curves and error of measurement in estimating underwater weight by hydrostatic weighing.Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise,1(4),212-216.
16. Kim, H.,Kim, C. H.,Kim, D. W.,Park, M.,Park, H. S.,Min, S. S.,Kim, C.(2011).External cross-validation of bioelectrical impedance analysis for the assessment of body composition in Korean adults.Nutrition Research and Practice,5(3),246-252.
17. Kim, J.,Wang, Z. M.,Heymsfield, S. B.,Baumgartner, R. N.,Gallagher, D.(2002).Total-body skeletal muscle mass: Estimation by a new dualenergy X-ray absorptiometry method.American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,76(2),378-383.
18. Kotler, D. P.,Burastero, S.,Wang, J.,Pierson, R. N., Jr.(1996).Prediction of body cell mass, fatfree mass, and total body water with bioelectrical impedance analysis: Effects of race, sex, and disease.American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,64(3),489S-497S.
19. Kushner, R. F.,Gudivaka, R.,Schoeller, D. A.(1996).Clinical characteristics influencing bioelectrical impedance analysis measurements.American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,64(3),423S-427S.
20. Kyle, U. G.,Genton, L.,Hans, D.,Pichard, C.(2003).Validation of a bioelectrical impedance analysis equation to predict appendicular skeletal muscle mass.Clinical Nutrition,22(6),537-543.
21. Lee, L.-C.,Hsieh, K.-C.,Wu, C.-S.,Chen, Y.-J.,Chiang, J.,Chen, Y.-Y.(2014).Validity of standing posture eight-electrode bioelectrical impedance to estimate body composition in Taiwanese elderly.International Journal of Gerontology,8(3),137-142.
22. Lu, H. K.,Chiang, L. M.,Chen, Y. Y.,Chuang, C. L.,Chen, K. T.,Dwyer, G. B.,Hsieh, K. C.(2016).Hand-to-hand model for bioelectrical impedance analysis to estimate fat free mass in a healthy population.Nutrients,8(10),654.
23. Lukaski, H. C.(2000).Assessing regional muscle mass with segmental measurements of bioelectrical impedance in obese women during weight loss.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences,904(1),154-158.
24. Mally, K.,Trentmann, J.,Heller, M.,Dittmar, M.(2011).Reliability and accuracy of segmental bioelectrical impedance analysis for assessing muscle and fat mass in older Europeans: A comparison with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.European Journal of Applied Physiology,111(8),1879-1887.
25. Medici, G.,Mussi, C.,Fantuzzi, A. L.,Malavolti, M.,Albertazzi, A.,Bedogni, G.(2005).Accuracy of eight-polar bioelectrical impedance analysis for the assessment of total and appendicular body composition in peritoneal dialysis patients.European Journal of Clinical Nutrition,59(8),932-937.
26. Meredith, C. N.,Zackin, M. J.,Frontera, W. R.,Evans, W. J.(1987).Body composition and aerobic capacity in young and middle-aged endurance-trained men.Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise,19(6),557-563.
27. Mirza, N. M.,Kadow, K.,Palmer, M.,Solano, H.,Rosche, C.,Yanovski, J. A.(2004).Prevalence of overweight among inner city Hispanic- American children and adolescents.Obesity Research,12(8),1298-1310.
28. Neovius, M.,Hemmingsson, E.,Freyschuss, B.,Uddén, J.(2006).Bioelectrical impedance underestimates total and truncal fatness in abdominally obese women.Obesity,14(10),1731-1738.
29. Organ, L. W.,Bradham, G. B.,Core, D. T.,Lozier, S. L.(1994).Segmental bioelectrical impedance analysis: Theory and application of a new technique.Journal of Applied Physiology,77(1),98-112.
30. Pateyjohns, I. R.,Brinkworth, G. D.,Buckley, J. D.,Noakes, M.,Clifton, P. M.(2006).Comparison of three bioelectrical impedance methods with DXA in overweight and obese men.Obesity,14(11),2064-2070.
31. Pietrobelli, A.,Formica, C.,Wang, Z.,Heymsfield, S. B.(1996).Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry body composition model: Review of physical concepts.American Journal of Physiology,271(6),E941-E951.
32. Pietrobelli, A.,Rubiano, F.,St-Onge, M. P.,Heymsfield, S. B.(2004).New bioimpedance analysis system: Improved phenotyping with whole-body analysis.European Journal of Clinical Nutrition,58(11),1479-1484.
33. Pollock, M. L.,Foster, C.,Knapp, D.,Rod, J. L.,Schmidt, D. H.(1987).Effect of age and training on aerobic capacity and body composition of master athletes.Journal of Applied Physiology,62(2),725-731.
34. Prior, B. M.,Cureton, K. J.,Modlesky, C. M.,Evans, E. M.,Sloniger, M. A.,Saunders, M.,Lewis, R. D.(1997).In vivo validation of whole body composition estimates from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.Journal of Applied Physiology,83(2),623-630.
35. Salinari, S.,Bertuzzi, A.,Mingrone, G.,Capristo, E.,Scarfone, A.,Greco, A. V.,Heymsfield S. B.(2003).Bioimpedance analysis: A useful technique for assessing appendicular lean soft tissue mass and distribution.Journal of Applied Physiology,94(4),1552-1556.
36. Santos, D. A.,Dawson, J. A.,Matias, C. N.,Rocha, P. M.,Minderico, C. S.,Allison, D. B.,Silva, A. M.(2014).Reference values for body composition and anthropometric measurements in athletes.PLoS One,9(5),e97846.
37. Sartorio, A.,Proietti, M.,Marinone, P. G.,Agosti, F.,Adorni, F.,Lafortuna, C. L.(2004).Influence of gender, age and BMI on lower limb muscular power output in a large population of obese men and women.International Journal of Obesity,28,91-98.
38. Sato, S.,Demura, S.,Kitabayashi, T.,Noguchi, T.(2007).Segmental body composition assessment for obese Japanese adults by single-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis with 8-point contact electrodes.Journal of Physiological Anthropology,26(5),533-540.
39. Settle, R. G.,Foster, K. R.,Epstein, B. R.,Mullen, J. L.(1980).Nutritional assessment: Whole body impedance and body fluid compartments.Nutrition and Cancer,2(1),72-80.
40. Shephard, R. J.(1999).Biology and medicine of soccer: An update.Journal of Sports Science,17(10),757-786.
41. Simoneau, J. A.,Lortie, G.,Boulay, M. R.,Marcotte, M.,Thibault, M. C.,Bouchard, C.(1986).Inheritance of human skeletal muscle and anaerobic capacity adaptation to high-intensity intermittent training.International Journal of Sports Medicine,7,167-171.
42. Sluyter, J. D.,Schaaf, D.,Scragg, K. R.,Plank, L. D.(2010).Prediction of fatness by standing 8-elect rode bioimpedance: A mult iethnic adolescent population.Obesity,18,183-189.
43. Swartz, A. M.,Evans, M. J.,King, G. A.,Thompson, D. L.(2002).Evaluation of a foot-tofoot bioelectrical impedance analyser in highly active, moderately active and less active young men.British Journal of Nutrition,88,205-210.
44. Tan, Y. X.,Nuñez, C.,Sun, Y.,Zhang, K.,Wang, Z.,Heymsfield, S. B.(1997).New electrode system for rapid whole-body and segmental bioimpedance assessment.Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise,29(9),1269-1273.
45. Tsunawake, N.,Tahara, Y.,Moji, K.,Muraki, S.,Minowa, K.,Yukawa, K.(2003).Body composition and physical fitness of female volleyball and basketball players of the Japan inter-high school championship teams.Journal of Physiological Anthropology and Applied HumanScience,22,195-201.
46. 鄭夏英、吳俊賢、陳裕鏞、趙榮瑞、呂桂花、謝坤昌(2013)。站立式多肢段生物阻抗法用於臺灣社會甲組男、女足球運動員的去脂肪質量估測準確性研究。休閒運動保健學報，5，101-111。