落下跳躍於不同地面材質及跳臺高度的下肢運動學分析

Kinematic Analyses of the Lower Extremity During Drop Jumps on Different Material Surfaces and Drop Heights

10.5297/ser.202012_22(4).0006

張秀光(Hsiu-Kuang Chang)；黃宇平(Yu-Ping Huang)；王敏憲(Min-Hsien Wang)；羅興樑(Shin-Liang Lo)；宋玉麒(Yu-Chi Sung)；彭賢德(Hsien-Te Peng)

著地瞬間 ； 著地階段 ； 著地策略 ； instant of initial foot contact ； landing phase ； landing strategy

大專體育學刊

22卷4期（2020 / 12 / 31）

353 - 365

繁體中文;英文

本研究目的為藉由不同地面材質及跳臺高度進行落下跳躍，分析在著地階段的下肢關節運動學差異。以15名大學體育學系男性學生為受試者，在4種不同地面材質（草地、polyurethane [PU]、沙地、木地）及4種不同跳臺高度（25, 35, 45, 55 cm）進行落下跳躍，並使用2個測力板及11臺紅外線攝影機收集運動學參數。結果發現著地瞬間髖、膝屈曲角度及足底屈角度於55 cm高度時角度最小。著地階段髖屈曲角度及膝屈曲角度均在沙地產生最大值，且在55 cm顯著大於其他高度。髖屈曲角速度最大值在55、45、35 cm顯著大於25 cm；膝屈曲角速度在沙地產生最大值，且在55 cm顯著大於其他高度。本研究結論為跳臺高度越高，著地瞬間下肢關節呈現較直立狀態著地，易有較高之傷害風險。在沙地執行落下跳躍偏向於軟著地，著地策略主要以髖、膝關節緩衝，或可減少傷害之風險。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of different material surfaces and drop heights on kinematics of the lower extremity during the landing phase of plyometric drop jumps (DJ). Fifteen college male students from a physical education department were participated in this study. Participants performed a DJ from 4 different material surfaces, grass, polyurethane (PU), sand, and wood with 4 different drop heights (25, 35, 45, and 55 cm). The kinematics data were collected using 2 force platforms and 11 infra-red cameras. Results showed that the hip, knee, and ankle flexion angle at 55 cm drop height at the instant of initial foot contact was the smallest compared to the rest of drop heights. During the landing phase, the maximum hip and knee flexion angle were noticed on the sand surface; and the maximum hip and knee flexion angle at 55 cm drop height was significantly greater than the rest of drop heights. The maximum hip flexion angular velocity at 55, 45, and 35 cm drop heights were significantly greater than that at 25 cm. The maximum knee flexion angular velocity on the sand was significantly greater than that on the rest of surfaces, and this was significantly greater at 55 cm drop height than the rest of the drop heights. In conclusion, the lower extremity demonstrated more extended joints at the initial foot contact of the ground, which would induce a higher risk of injury. Practicing the DJ on a sand surface demonstrated a soft landing strategy depending on the hip and knee joint for the absorption, which may reduce the risk of injury.

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