行動潛能影響個體的知覺與實際接發球能力

Action Potential Affects Perceived and Actual Ability to Receive a Serve

10.5297/ser.202103_23(1).0003

蘇育賢(Yu-Sian Su)；張智惠(Chih-Hui Chang)

環境賦使理論 ； 重心 ； 信心 ； theory of affordances ； center of mass ； confidence

大專體育學刊

23卷1期（2021 / 03 / 31）

29 - 41

繁體中文;英文

本研究以J. J. Gibson於1986年發表生態取向的環境賦使理論為基礎，目的在檢驗個體不同高、低重心行動潛能，對知覺與實際接發球能力之影響。以32名男性（年齡22.2±1.6歲）為研究參與者。採受試者內設計，研究參與者被要求在不同高、低重心準備動作下，依發球機發射的網球知覺自我的接發球能力，並進行實際接發球任務。知覺測驗時，參與者判斷是否能接到來球，並以5分制信心量表記錄信心程度。實際接發球測驗時，參與者於接發球區內移動身體盡力接起來球，以2部攝影機拍攝接發球過程與來球落點進行分析。研究結果顯示：知覺與實際接發球成功率分別在高與低重心準備動作無顯著差異，低重心準備動作之知覺信心程度與實際接發球成功率顯著高於高重心，並且低重心準備動作之成功接發球前移動距離顯著大於高重心。本研究結論為高、低重心之行動潛能情境下，個體皆能知覺自我的接發球能力。行動可能性嵌入於環境中，個體依個人之行動潛能為度量尺度，知覺環境賦使。並且低重心準備動作有利於個體的知覺接發球信心程度與實際接發球表現。

Based on the theory of affordances as found in an ecological approach described by J. J. Gibson in 1986, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of high and low center of mass (COM) action potential on perceived and actual ability to receive a serve. Thirty-two males (aged 22.2 ± 1.6 years old) were recruited as participants. Within-subject design was used. Participants were required to make a judgement regarding their perceived and actual ability receive balls from a tennis ball machine while standing in both high and low COM postures. During the perception test, participants judged whether they could receive the ball, orally reporting their confidence level along a 5-point scale. During the actual test, the participants were required to do their best to move inside a specified area and attempt to receive the ball. The receiving process and landing locations of the served balls were recorded by two cameras for analysis. Results showed no significant differences between the perceived and actual receiving rate for both the high and low COM postures. Individuals had higher confidence in perception of their ability to receive the ball and higher actual receiving rate in the low COM posture as compared to the high COM posture. Also, individuals in the low COM posture moved further before receiving a ball than in the high COM posture. We conclude that individuals perceive their ability to receive in both high and low postures. Opportunities for action are embedded in the environment and individuals perceive affordances based on their action potential. Low COM posture is beneficial for confidence in perceived ability to receive and for performance in actual reception.

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