停經後婦女在水中與陸地跳躍運動之動力學特徵

Kinetic Characteristics of Postmenopausal Women in Water and on Land Jumps

10.5297/ser.202103_23(1).0007

張維綱(Wei-Gang Chang)；陳婉菁(Wan-Chin Chen)；甘乃文(Nai-Wen Kan)；錢桂玉(Kuei-Yu Chien)

增強式訓練 ； 地面反作用力 ； 發力率 ； 衝擊率 ； plyometric exercise ； ground reaction force ； rate of force development ； loading rate

大專體育學刊

23卷1期（2021 / 03 / 31）

83 - 95

繁體中文;英文

整合增強式訓練、肌肉強化訓練和平衡訓練是改善骨質健康的運動策略。水中環境雖然可以提供中高齡有更為安全且全面的訓練，但目前對於停經後婦女進行水中與陸地跳躍運動之生物力學特徵仍不清楚。本研究目的為比較停經後婦女從事水中和陸上跳躍運動之動力學特徵。招募11位停經後婦女。所有受試者皆以隨機平衡次序法分別須在水中與陸地環境中進行3種不同的跳躍運動測驗（反向跳、開合跳和單腳跳）。以測力板蒐集水中與陸上每一種跳躍運動的垂直地面反作用力資料。研究結果顯示停經後婦女進行單次反向跳、開合跳之跳躍運動時，在起跳期期間之水中環境的最大推蹬力量比起陸地環境有顯著較少的情形，但在發力率和最大推蹬力量發生時間是無明顯差異。在著地期期間，水中環境的最大衝擊力量和衝擊率皆分別顯著小於陸地環境，水中環境延長了最大衝擊力量發生時間。本研究結論證實水中環境可以降低跳躍著地的衝擊力，但起跳時的發力強度與陸地環境時有相似的效果，因此水中跳躍運動對於停經後婦女維持骨骼健康也是另一種的選擇。

Integrated plyometric exercise, muscle strength and balance training are the exercise strategies to improve bone health. Although jumping in water can provide exercise benefits for older adults, the biomechanical characteristics of water jumping exercise in postmenopausal women are yet unclear. The purpose of this study was to compare the ground reaction forces of 2 types of jumps, in water and on land among postmenopausal women. We recruited 11 postmenopausal women for this study. Participants were randomly assigned to a cross over design to perform counter movement jump (CMJ), jumping with opening legs and arms (JOLA), and single leg jump (SLJ) in water or on land surfaces. The vertical ground reaction force data of each jump on land or in water were collected from a force plate. The study results showed that the peak concentric forces of CMJ, JOLA, and SLJ in water were significantly lower than those on land. However, there were no significant differences between the surfaces in the rate of force development and time to peak concentric force during the jumping phases. During the landing phase, the peak impact force and loading rate in water were significantly lower than those on land. The time to peak impact force was significantly prolonged when the participants jumped in water. We conclude that the landing impacts were reduced in water. The jump force development intensities in water were similar to those on land. Therefore, water jumping exercise may be an alternative approach to maintain the bone health among postmenopausal women.

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