物理治療技術融入適應體育課程提升大專身心障礙學生之健康體適能

Improving Health-Related Physical Fitness in College Students With Disabilities Through Integrating Physical Therapy Techniques Into Adapted Physical Education

10.5297/ser.202309_25(3).0006

謝悅齡(Yueh-Ling Hsieh)；詹一民(Yi-Min Jan)；杜弼遨(Bi-Ao Du)；翁子玉(Tzu-Yu Weng)；黃韋閔(Wei-Min Huang)；郭智淵(Chih-Yuan Kuo)；林秀真(Hsiu-Chen Lin)

肌肉適能 ； 肌耐力 ； 心肺耐力 ； 敏捷 ； 平衡能力 ； muscular fitness ； muscular endurance ； cardiorespiratory endurance ； agility ； balance

大專體育學刊

25卷3期（2023 / 09 / 30）

333 - 346

繁體中文;英文

適應體育課程為因應身心狀況有特殊需求之學生所開設，相關支持系統與專業人員之參與應能有效提升其效益。本研究目的為探討物理治療技術融入適應體育課程對大專身心障礙學生健康體適能的影響。以單組倒返實驗設計方式（ABA實驗設計），連續執行三個學期：第一學期為基線期，受試者僅參加一般適應體育課程；第二學期為介入期，將物理治療技術融入適應體育課程中；第三學期為追蹤期，停止物理治療技術，單純執行適應體育課程。3年內共有13名大專身心障礙學生完成連續三學期的評估。每學期期初及期末檢測體適能，包括：身體組成、肌肉適能／肌耐力、上下肢及軀幹柔軟度、心肺耐力、敏捷及平衡能力等面向。實驗結果顯示物理治療技術融入適應體育課程後，除測量下肢柔軟度之椅子坐姿體前彎測試無明顯改善外，其他體適能項目均在一學期的物理治療技術融入適應體育訓練後有顯著改善。本研究結論認為這些發現顯示物理治療技術融入適應體育課程後，可在短期內提升大專身心障礙學生健康體適能。建議大專校院可將本研究之課程設計方式，作為適應體育課程實施模式之參考。

Adapted physical education (APE) courses are offered by physical education teachers (supplemented by various support systems and relevant professionals) in response to the special needs of students with physical or mental disabilities. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of integrating physical therapy (PT) techniques into an APE course on health-related physical fitness for special-needs college students. The research design was a single-group reversal design (ABA experimental design) carried out for three consecutive semesters. The first semester was the baseline phase, subjects only participated in the general APE course. The second semester was the intervention phase, PT techniques were applied and integrated into the APE course. The third semester was the follow-up phase, PT techniques intervention was discontinued, and instruction consisted of only the APE course. A total of 16 students with disabilities were initially recruited; 13 of these participated for three consecutive semesters. The health-related components of physical fitness were performed and assessed at the beginning and end of each semester, including body composition, muscular fitness/muscular endurance, flexibility of upper and lower limbs and trunk, cardiorespiratory endurance, agility, and balance. The results of this study showed that there were significant improvements found in most components of physical fitness after integrating PT techniques into APE courses for one semester, but no significant improvement was found in the values for chair sit and reach test assessing lower limb flexibility. These findings indicate that integrating PT techniques into an APE course has short-term beneficial effects on the physical fitness for college students with disabilities. The course design in this study can be used as a reference for the implementation model of APE courses in college.

1. 姜義村, I.-T.,葉翰霖, H.-L.,陳美莉, M.-L.(2022)。大專體育教師對身心障礙學生體育課程自覺知能、態度與因應策略之探究。臺大體育學報，42，1-13。
   連結：
2. 陳詠儒, Y.-J.,闕月清, N.-C.(2014)。大專院校適應體育課程實施情形。中華體育季刊，28(4)，263-268。
   連結：
3. 曾建興, C.-H.,林晉榮, Z.-R.(2009)。適應體育教師專業化之探討。中華體育季刊，23(3)，149-156。
   連結：
4. (2001).臺灣適應體育運動與健康學會成立大會手冊.臺灣適應體育運動與健康學會=Taiwan Association for Adapted Physical Activity and Health.
5. American College of Sports Medicine. (2019, January 11). 2020 PAR-Q+. https://eparmedx.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/January2020PARQPlusFillable.pdf
6. Blumenkopf, M.,Levangie, P. K.,Nelson, D. L.(1985).Perceived role responsibilities of physical therapists and adapted physical educators in the public school setting.Physical Therapy,65(7),1046-1051.
7. Capozzi, L. C.,Nishimura, K. C.,McNeely, M. L.,Lau, H.,Culos-Reed, S. N.(2016).The impact of physical activity on health-related fitness and quality of life for patients with head and neck cancer: A systematic review.British Journal of Sports Medicine,50(6),325-338.
8. Caspersen, C. J.,Powell, K. E.,Christenson, G. M.(1985).Physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness: Definitions and distinctions for health-related research.Public Health Reports,100(2),126-131.
9. Cortell-Tormo, J. M.,Sánchez, P. T.,Chulvi-Medrano, I.,Tortosa-Martínez, J.,Manchado-López, C.,Llana-Belloch, S.,Pérez-Soriano, P.(2018).Effects of functional resistance training on fitness and quality of life in females with chronic nonspecific low-back pain.Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation,31(1),95-105.
10. de Queiroz Davoli, G. B.,Bartels, B.,Mattiello-Sverzut, A. C.,Takken, T.(2021).Cardiopulmonary exercise testing in neuromuscular disease: A systematic review.Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy,19(11),975-991.
11. dice, P. B.,Silva, A. M.,Berria, J.,Petroski, E. L.,Ekelund, U.,Sardinha, L. B.(2017).Sedentary patterns, physical activity and health-related physical fitness in youth: A cross-sectional study.International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity,14(1),25.
12. Dolbow, D. R.,Davis, G. M.,Welsch, M.,Gorgey, A. S.(2022).Benefits and interval training in individuals with spinal cord injury: A thematic review.The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine,45(3),327-338.
13. Duke, K. W.,Sherrill, C.(1980).Adapted physical education––Perspective on systematic implementation.Journal of School Health,50(5),270-271.
14. Eveland-Sayers, B. M.,Farley, R. S.,Fuller, D. K.,Morgan, D. W.,Caputo, J. L.(2009).Physical fitness and academic achievement in elementary school children.Journal of Physical Activity and Health,6(1),99-104.
15. Ganley, K. J.,Paterno, M. V.,Miles, C.,Stout, J.,Brawner, L.,Girolami, G.,Warren, M.(2011).Health-related fitness in children and adolescents.Pediatric Physical Therapy,23(3),208-220.
16. Jalava, M.,Sillanpaa, M.(1997).Physical activity, health-related fitness, and health experience in adults with childhood-onset epilepsy: A controlled study.Epilepsia,38(4),424-429.
17. Jones, C. J.,Rikli, R. E.(2002).Measuring functional fitness in older adults.The Journal of Active Ageing,1,24-30.
18. Latimer-Cheung, A. E.,Pilutti, L. A.,Hicks, A. L.,Martin Ginis, K. A.,Fenuta, A. M.,MacKibbon, K. A.,Motl, R. W.(2013).Effects of exercise training on fitness, mobility, fatigue, and health-related quality of life among adults with multiple sclerosis: A systematic review to inform guideline development.Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation,94(9),1800-1828.
19. Liu, W.-Y.,Wang, H.-S.,Hsu, L.-Y.,Wong, A. M.,Chen, C.-L.,Lien, H.-Y.(2011).Health-related physical fitness management for a child with Tourette syndrome.Chang Gung Medical Journal,34(Suppl. 6),4-9.
20. Motl, R. W.,McAuley, E.(2010).Physical activity, disability, and quality of life in older adults.Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America,21(2),299-308.
21. Pereira, S.,Todd Katzmarzyk, P.,Gomes, T. N.,Souza, M.,Chaves, R. N.,dos Santos, F. K.,Santos, D.,Hedeker, D.,Maia, J.(2017).A multilevel analysis of health-related physical fitness. The Portuguese sibling study on growth, fitness, lifestyle and health.PLOS One,12(2),e0172013.
22. Pitetti, K. H.,Rimmer, J. H.,Fernhall, B.(1993).Physical fitness and adults with mental retardation: An overview of current research and future directions.Sports Medicine,16(1),23-56.
23. Rowland, J. L.,Fragala-Pinkham, M.,Miles, C.,OʼNeil, M. E.(2015).The scope of pediatric physical therapy practice in health promotion and fitness for youth with disabilities.Pediatric Physical Therapy,27(1),2-15.
24. van der Scheer, J. W.,Martin Ginis, K. A.,Ditor, D. S.,Goosey-Tolfrey, V. L.,Hicks, A. L.,West, C. R.,Wolfe, D. L.(2017).Effects of exercise on fitness and health of adults with spinal cord injury: A systematic review.Neurology,89(7),736-745.
25. Williams, G.,Ada, L.,Hassett, L.,Morris, M. E.,Clark, R.,Bryant, A. L.,Olver, J.(2016).Ballistic strength training compared with usual care for improving mobility following traumatic brain injury: Protocol for a randomised, controlled trial.Journal of Physiotherapy,62(3),164.
26. Wright, M.,Twose, D.,Gorter, J. W.(2021).Scootering for children and youth is more than fun: Exploration of a feasible approach to improve function and fitness.Pediatric Physical Therapy,33(4),218-225.
27. 吳明城, M.-C.,詹正豐, C.-F.(2015)。,教育部體育署=Sports Administration, Ministry of Education。
28. 林佳怡, J.-Y.(2019)。身心障礙學生參與適應體育課程之淺析。臺灣教育評論月刊，8(4)，155-159。
29. 教育部（2006）。各級學校體育實施辦法。https://www.sa.gov.tw/Resource/Attachment/f1404445227035.pdf [Ministry of Education. (2006). Implementation regulations for the physical education and sports in schools. https://www.sa.gov.tw/Resource/Attachment/f1404445227035.pdf]
30. 教育部體育署（2020）。107 學年度學校體育統計年報。https://www.sa.gov.tw/Resource/Ebook/637824150954858573.pdf [Sports Administration, Ministry of Education. (2020). Annual report of school sports statistics 2018. https://www.sa.gov.tw/Resource/Ebook/637824150954858573.pdf]
31. 教育部體育署（2019）。106 學年度學校體育統計年報。https://www.sa.gov.tw/Resource/Ebook/636982002100844211.pdf [Sports Administration, Ministry of Education. (2019). Annual report of school sports statistics 2017. https://www.sa.gov.tw/Resource/Ebook/636982002100844211.pdf]
32. 教育部體育署（2021）。108 學年度學校體育統計年報。https://www.sa.gov.tw/Resource/Ebook/637824150310129199.pdf [Sports Administration, Ministry of Education. (2021). Annual report of school sports statistics 2019. https://www.sa.gov.tw/Resource/Ebook/637824150310129199.pdf]
33. 教育部體育署（2022）。109 學年度學校體育統計年報。https://www.sa.gov.tw/Resource/Ebook/637824162742721770.pdf [Sports Administration, Ministry of Education. (2022). Annual report of school sports statistics 2020. https://www.sa.gov.tw/Resource/Ebook/637824162742721770.pdf]
34. 陳麗如, L.-J.(2007).身心障礙學生教材教法.心理出版社=Psychological Publishing.
35. 陳麗如, L.-J.(2018)。臺灣大專身心障礙學生對適應體育課程目標之觀感及其關聯因素。教育學報，46(2)，87-107。