油茶籽榨油副產物產率、成分分析及抗氧化活性

Antioxidative Activity, Proximate Composition and Yield of Camellia Oil Seed Pressing Byproducts

10.6578/TJACFS.2016.005

邱淑媛(Shu-Yuan Chiou)；陳金村(Chin-Tsun Chen)；林相仁(Shian-Ren Lin)

小果油茶(Camellia tenuifolia) ； 大果油茶(Camellia oleifera) ； 果殼 ； 種仁殼 ； 種仁 ； 油粕 ； Camellia tenuifolia ； Camellia oleifera ； Fruit coat ； Seed shell ； Kernel ； Pomace

臺灣農業化學與食品科學

54卷1期（2016 / 02 / 01）

37 - 44

繁體中文

小果油茶(Camellia tenuifolia)與大果油茶(Camellia oleifera)為台灣地區兩種新興的本土性油料作物。本研究比較了果實水分含量，果殼、種仁殼及種仁之重量比，並進行一般成分及礦物質含量測定，建立油茶副產物產量及成分之基礎資料。結果顯示小果油茶鮮果之水分含量為48.9 ± 0.3%，乾燥後果殼、種仁殼及種仁重量分別佔24.8 ± 1.9%、25.4 ± 0.2%與49.8 ± 0.2%。大果油茶鮮果中含有60.8 ± 0.3%水分，乾燥後果殼、種仁殼及種仁重量分別佔61.3 ± 3.1%、13.5 ± 0.9%與25.2 ± 2.3%。油茶籽榨油副產物粗纖維約佔重量20~30%，水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪及灰分合計約僅佔重量13~30%，礦物質以鉀與鈣含量較高。小果果殼、大果之果殼及小果種仁殼之酚類化合物含量較高，且與清除ABTS自由基活性有正比關係。小果種仁殼清除DPPH自由基能力顯著高於其他部位。整體而言，小果油茶種仁殼為副產物中開發抗氧化能力極具潛力的部位。

Camellia tenuifolia and Camellia oleifera are two important camellia oil species in Taiwan that attracted much attention in recent years. This study provides basal information on the biowastes generated from oil processing including the yield, the proximate composition as well as the bioactive activities. Water content of fresh fruit of C. tenuifolia was 48.9 ± 0.3% and of C. oleifera was 60.8 ± 0.3%. The weight of fruit coat, seed shell and seed pomace in dry fruit were 24.8 ± 1.9%, 25.4 ± 0.2% and 49.8 ± 0.2% for C. tenuifolia and 61.3 ± 3.1%, 13.5 ± 0.9% and 25.2 ± 2.3% for C. oleifera, respectively. Crude fiber accounted for 20~30% of weight in byproducts. Moisture content, crude protein, crude lipid and ash totally make up about 13~30% of the weight. Potassium and calcium were two major components in minerals. ABTS radical scavenging activities of fruit coat of C. tenuifolia, fruit coat of C. oleifera and seed shell of C. tenuifolia were proportional to their high phenolic contents. Strong DPPH radical scavenging activity was observed in seed shell of C. tenuifolia. On the whole, seed shell of C. tenuifolia was the most promising byproduct of oil processing as an antioxidant.