綜述紅麴改善阿茲海默症患者學習記憶能力

The Review Report of the Effect of Monascus Fermented Metabolite on the Improvement of Memory and Learning Ability of Alzheimer's Disease

10.6578/TJACFS.202309_61(3).0002

潘子明(Tzu-Ming Pan)

紅麴 ； 莫那信 ； 安卡菲拉命 ； 阿茲海默症 ； 被動迴避試驗 ； 參考記憶試驗 ； 空間記憶試驗 ； 工作記憶試驗 ； 海馬迴組織沉積之類澱粉樣胜肽量 ； 簡易智能量表 ； 痛苦指標 ； 感情行為指標 ； Monascus ； monascin ； ankaflavin ； Alzheimer's disease ； passive avoidance task ； reference memory task ； probe trial ； working memory task ； mini-mental state examination (MMSE) ； distress scale ； the emotional behavior scale

臺灣農業化學與食品科學

61卷3期（2023 / 09 / 01）

119 - 126

繁體中文;英文

紅麴發酵產品為傳統使用之食品添加劑，其保健功效最常被提及的是調節血脂。經過學者們努力研究，其保健功效不但已包含調節血脂、調節血壓與調節血糖等三高，更擴及不易形成體脂肪、預防脂肪肝與改善阿茲海默症與帕金氏症等老人失智症之症狀。其中阿茲海默症是年長者非常容易罹患的失智症。本文針對紅麴發酵產物或其萃取物在阿茲海默症改善學習記憶能力之學術研究，包括細胞模式；線蟲模式；基因轉殖阿茲海默症鼠、類澱粉樣胜肽輸注、鋁誘導等動物模式；以及已罹患阿茲海默症長者之小型人體臨床試驗，進行功效評估之回顧綜述。功效評估項目在動物試驗有被動迴避試驗、參考記憶試驗、空間記憶試驗、工作記憶試驗以及海馬迴組織沉積之類澱粉樣胜肽量。人體臨床試驗之功效評估測試項目則有簡易智能量表、痛苦指標、感情行為指標。結果得知：Monascus purpureus NTU 568發酵所得產物，或經萃取所得之純化合物－紅麴黃色素monascin與ankaflavin或以monascin與ankaflavin製成之產品（以1：3混成）之Ankascin 568-R均有不錯之改善效果。

Fermentation products of Monascus strain are used as functional food for the regulation of blood lipid, blood sugar, and blood pressure. After the studies of researchers, the functions of Monascus fermented product extended to the improvement of body fat, liver fat and dementia. Alzheimer's disease is a very popular dementia in old persons. This paper reviews the effects of Monascus fermented metabolites on the improvement of memory and learning ability of Alzheimer's disease. The animal models used include transgenic J20 mouse model, intracerebroventricular amyloid β-infused rat, aluminum-induced rat, and Caenorhabditis elegans model. A small-scale clinical trial is also performed. The evaluated items in animal trial are passive avoidance task, reference memory task, probe trial, working memory task, and the Aβ_(40) accumulation in hippocampus. The evaluated items in clinical trial are mini-mental state examination, distress scale, and the emotional behavior scale and so on. The results are all positive in every test.

1. 晨暉生技公司未發表資料。
2. Alzheimer’s drug treatments. Royal College of Psychiatrists (rcpsych.ac.uk)..
3. 認知障礙症-非藥物治療 (ha.org.hk) 2023香港醫院管理局網站。
4. Berchtold, N. C.,Cotman, C. W.(1998).Evolution in the conceptualization of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease: Greco-Roman Period to the 1960s.Neurobiol. Aging,19,173-189.
5. Bonin-Guillaume, S.,Zekry, D.,Giacobini, E.,Gold, G,Michel, J. P.,Zekry, B. G. S.,Giacobini, D.,Gold, E.,Michel, J. P.(2005).Impact économique de la démence.Presse Médicale,34,35-41.
6. Burns, A.,Iliffe, S.(2009).Alzheimer’s disease.Br. Med. J.,338,b158.
7. Chen, C. L.,Chang, K. Y.,Pan, T. M.(2016).Monascus purpureus NTU 568 fermented product improves memory and learning ability in rats with aluminuminduced Alzheimer's disease.J. Fun. Food.,21,167-177.
8. Fang, M. C.,Cheng, I. H. J.,Chen, C. L.(2022).Cheng and C. L. Chen: Monascus purpureus fermented product ameliorates learning and memory impairment in the amyloid precursor protein transgenic J20 mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease.Fermentation,8,193.
9. Games, D.,Adams, D.,Alessandrini, R.(1995).Alzheimertype neuropathology in transgenic mice overexpressing V717F beta-amyloid precursor protein.Nature,373(6514),523-527.
10. Hardy, J.,Allsop, D.(1991).Amyloid deposition as the central event in the aetiology of Alzheimer’s disease.Sciences,12,383-388.
11. Hsu, D.,Marshall, G. A.(2017).Marshall: Primary and secondary prevention trials in Alzheimer disease: Looking back, moving forward.Curr. Alzheimer Res.,14,426-440.
12. Lee, C. L.,Kuo, T. F.,Wang, J. J.,Pan, T. M.(2007).Red mold rice ameliorates impairment of memory and learning ability in intracere-broventricular amyloid beta-infused rat via repressing amyloid beta accumulation.J. Neurosci. Rese.,85,3171-3182.
13. Lee, C. L.,Kuo, T. F.,Wu, C. L.,Wang, J. J.,Pan, T. M.(2010).Red mold rice promotes neuroprotective sAPPalpha secretion instead of Alzheimer’s risk factors and amyloid beta expression in hyperlipidemic Aβ40-infused rats.J. Agri. Food Chem.,58,2230-2238.
14. Lee, C. L.,Lin, P. Y.,Hsu, Y. W.,Pan, T. M.(2015).Monascus-fermented monascin and ankaflavin improve the memory and learning ability in amyloid β-protein intracerebroventricular-infused rat via the suppression of Alzheimer’s disease risk factors.J. Fun. Food,18,387-399.
15. Lee, C. L.,Pan, T. M.(2017).The prevention of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson’s disease by Monascus purpureusNTU 568-fermented compounds.J Alzheimers Dis Parkinsonism,7,342.
16. Lee, C. L.,Pan, T. M.(2011).Red mold fermented products and Alzheimer’s disease-a review.Appl. Microb. & Biotech.,91,461-469.
17. Lee, C. L.,Wang, J. J.,Pan, T. M.(2008).Red mold rice extract represses amyloid beta peptide-induced neurotoxicity via potent synergism of anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effect.Appl. Microb. & Biotech.,79,829-841.
18. Lott, I. T.,Head, E.(2005).Alzheimer disease and down syndrome: Factors in pathogenesis.Neurobiol. Aging,26,383-389.
19. Meek, P. D.,McKeithan, K.,Schumock, G. T.(1998).Economic considerations in Alzheimer’s disease.Pharmacotherapy,18,68-73.
20. Mudher, A.,Lovestone, S.(2002).Lovestone: Alzheimer’s diseasedo tauists and baptists finally shake hands?.Trends Neurosci.,25,22-26.
21. Nistor, M.,Don, M.,Parekh, M.(2007).Alpha- and betasecretase activity as a function of age and beta-amyloid in down syndrome and normal brain.Neurobiol. Aging,28,1493-1506.
22. Polvikoski, T.,Sulkava, R.,Haltia, M.(1995).Apolipoprotein E, dementia, and cortical deposition of beta-amyloid protein.N. Engl. J. Med.,333,1242-1247.
23. Shi, Y. C.,Pan, T. M.(2011).Beneficial effects of Monscus purpureus NTU 568-fermented products: a review.Appl. Microb. & Biotech.,90,1207-1217.
24. Shi, Y. C.,Pan, T. M.,Liao, V. H. C.(2016).Monascin from Monascus-fermented products reduces oxidative stress and amyloid-β toxicity via DAF-16/FOXO in Caenorhabditis elegans.J. Agric. Food Chem.,64,7114-7120.
25. Solomon, A.,Kivipelto, M.,Wolozin, B.,Zhou, J.,Whitmer, R. A(2009).Midlife serum cholesterol and increased risk of Alzheimer’s and vascular dementia three decades later.Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Disord.,28,75-80.
26. Zheng, Y.,Pan, Q.,Mo, L.,Zhang, W.,Duan, Y.,Chen, C.,Chen, H.,Guo, Y.,Shi, X.,Yang, J.(2018).Monascuspigment rubropunctatin derivative FZU-H reduces Aβ1-42-induced neurotoxicity in Neuro-2A cells.RSC Adv.,8,17389-17398.
27. 潘子明(2022).紅麴與阿茲海默症學習記憶能力之改善,潘子明紅麴健康研究室.臺北,臺灣:原水文化出版社.