题名

學齡前兒童塞音及聲調知覺與詞彙發展的關係

并列篇名

Assessing Stop and Lexical Tone Perception in Preschool Children and Relationship with Word Development

DOI

10.6143/JSLHAT.2009.12.03

作者

曹峰銘(Feng-Ming Tsao)；李菁芸(Ching-Yun Lee)；謝怡欣(Yi-Hsin Hsieh)；邱建業(Chien-Yeh Chiu)

关键词

語音知覺 ； 塞音 ； 聲調 ； 詞彙發展 ； 學齡前兒童 ； Speech perception ； Stop consonant ； Lexical tone ； Word development ； Preschool children

期刊名称

台灣聽力語言學會雜誌

卷期/出版年月

24期（2009 / 12 / 01）

页次

39 - 57

内容语文

繁體中文
中文摘要

語音知覺的發展，在嬰兒期經歷相當大的變化。特別是在6~12個月之間，嬰兒對母語語音區辨敏感度隨年紀而增，相反地，對外語的語音敏感度則隨年紀而下降。不過，英語的研究顯示，母語語音區辨敏感度在周歲之後，特別是在5~7歲之間，依然發展。由於各語言語音的差異，英語的研究不一定呈現普世的知覺發展趨勢。而且，語音知覺發展是否與詞彙成長有關？因此，本研究目的一：探索華語5~7歲兒童是否對於塞音及聲調區辨，都出現語音區辨敏感度隨年紀成長的趨勢。此外，本研究目的二：以探索「語音知覺」發展和「詞彙發展」的關係，進而檢視詞彙發展是否為知覺演變的可能發展機制。華語5~7歲兒童(n=47)參與「詞」或「非詞」等不同詞彙狀態音節配對下的AX語音區辨作業，區辨目標包含「塞音構音位置」及聲調「二聲」及「三聲」的差異。並以「畢保德圖畫詞彙測驗(PPVT)」，評估兒童的詞彙發展。結果發現，在塞音及聲調區辨敏感度上，7歲兒童都高於5歲兒童。此外，相較於「非詞」配對，兒童在「詞」配對的情形下，語音區辨敏感度比較高。兒童語音區辨敏感度，與PPVT詞彙理解分數有顯著的相關。回歸分析結果顯示，聲調區辨敏感度比塞音區辨敏感度，更能解釋詞彙能力的變異。這些結果顯示，華語5~7歲兒童的語音敏感度隨年紀增加而提升；而且兒童語音敏感度越高，詞彙理解的發展也越好。本研究的結果除了顯現5~7歲兒童語音區辨敏感度發展，為語言一般性的趨勢，也支持語音知覺與詞彙發展有密切關連的推論。
英文摘要

Studies on English-speaking preschool-and school-aged children report a general trend of speech perception development, i.e., the phonetic sensitivity for native language is improving with ages. However, phonetic differences between languages might limit the generalization of this finding. One goal of this study was to examine whether the developmental trend shown in Englishspeaking children would be replicated in Mandarin-speaking children discriminating stops and lexical tones. In addition, this study aimed to assess the relationship between speech perception and word development in childhood. Mandarin-speaking 5-7 year-old children (n=47) participated in an AX phonetic discrimination task. The phonetic contrasts were stop contrast, /p/ vs. /k/, and lexical tone contrast, /tone 2/ vs. /tone 3/, and these phonetic contrasts also differ in lexical status, i.e., word or non-word. Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT) was used to assess children's word comprehension ability. Results show that 7-year-old children perform better stop and lexical tone sensitivities than 5-year-old children, and the lexical status of syllables affects the stop sensitivity in 6-7 year-old children. In addition, the phonetic discrimination performance is positively correlated with the PPVT score, and the regression model shows that the lexical tone sensitivity contributes more than the stop consonant sensitivity in accounting for the variance of PPVT score. These results reveal the improving sensitivity discriminating native stops and lexical tones in Mandarin-speaking 5-7 year-old children, and suggest that speech perception plays an essential role to facilitate word learning in Mandarin-speaking children.
主题分类 醫藥衛生 > 外科
参考文献
  1. Tsao, F. M.(2008).The effect of acoustical similarity on lexical-tone perception of one-year-old Mandarin-learning infants.Chinese Journal of Psychology,50,111-124.
    連結：
  2. 張顯達、許碧勳(2000)。國語輔音聽辨與發音能力之發展研究。中華民國聽力語言學會雜誌，15，1-10。
    連結：
  3. Sony (2003). Sound Forge (Version 7.0a): Sony..
  4. Boersma, P., & Weenink, D. (2007). Praat: Doing phonetics by computer (Version 4.6.23): Retrieved September 25, 2007, http://www.praat.org/.
  5. E-prime (2001). E-prime (Version 1.1). Pittsburgh, PA: Psychology Software Tools..
  6. Benelli, B.,Belacchi, C.,Gini, G.,Lucangeli, D.(2006).To define means to say what you know about things: The development of definitional skills as metalinguistic acquisition.Journal of Child Language,33(1),71-91.
  7. Best, C. C.,McRoberts, G. W.(2003).Infant perception of non-native consonant contrasts that adults assimilate in different ways.Language and Speech,46,183-216.
  8. Bourland, H. C.,Ohde, R. N.(2005).Developmental role of static, dynamic, and contextual cues in speech perception.Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research,48(4),960-974.
  9. Ceponiene, R.,Lepisto, T.,Alku, P.,Aro, H.,Naatanen, R.(2003).Event-related potential indices of auditory vowel processing in 3-year-old children.Clinical Neurophysiology,114(4),652-661.
  10. Chandrasekaran, B.,Krishnan, A.,Gandour, J.(2007).Mismatch negativity to pitch contours is influenced by language experience.Brain Research,1128(1),148-156.
  11. Coady, J. A.,Aslin, R. N.(2004).Young children's sensitivity to probabilistic phonotactics in the developing lexicon.Journal of Experimental Child Psychology,89(3),183-213.
  12. Edwards, H. T.,Kirkpatrick, A. G.(1999).Metalinguistic awareness in children: a developmental progression.Journal of Psycholinguistic Research,28(4),313-329.
  13. Edwards, J.,Fox, R. A.,Rogers, C. L.(2002).Final consonant discrimination in children: Effects of phonological disorder, vocabulary size, and articulatory accuracy.Journal of Speech, Language &Hearing Research,45(2),231-242.
  14. Gandour, J.,Harshman, R.(1978).Crosslanguage differences in tone perception: A multidimensional scaling investigation.Language and Speech,21,1-33.
  15. Gandour, J.,Xu, Y.,Wong, D.,Dzemidzic, M.,Lowe, M.,Li, X.(2003).Neural correlates of segmental and tonal information in speech perception.Human Brain Mapping,20(4),185-200.
  16. Hazan, V.,Barrett, S.(2000).The development of phonemic categorisation in children aged 6 to 12.Journal of Phonetics,28,377-396.
  17. Hua, Z.,Dodd, B.(2000).The phonological acquisition of Putonghua (Modern Standard Chinese).Journal of Child Language,27(1),3-42.
  18. Jusczyk, P. W.(1993).From general to language-specific capacities: The WRAPSA model of how speech perception develops.Journal of Phonetics,21,3-28.
  19. Kuhl, P. K.,Conboy, B. T.,Coffey-Corina, S.,Padden, D.,Rivera-Gaxiola, M.,Nelson, T.(2008).Phonetic learning as a pathway to language: New data and native language magnet theory expanded (NLM-e).Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B,363,979-1000.
  20. Kuhl, P. K.,Conboy, B. T.,Padden, D.,Nelson, T.,Pruitt, J.(2005).Early speech perception and later language development: Implications for the "critical period".Language Learning and Development,1,237-264.
  21. Kuhl, P. K.,Stevens, E.,Hayashi, A.,Deguchi, T.,Kiritani, S.,Iverson, P.(2006).Infants show a facilitation effect for native language phonetic perception between 6 and 12 months.Developmental Science,9,F13-F21.
  22. Liu, H. M.,Tsao, F. M.,Kuhl, P.(2007).Acoustic analysis of lexical tone in Mandarin infant-directed speech.Developmental Psychology,43,912-917.
  23. Liu, S.,Samuel, A. G.(2004).Perception of Mandarin lexical tones when F0 information is neutralized.Language and Speech,47(Pt 2),109-138.
  24. Mayo, C.,Turk, A.(2004).Adult-child differences in acoustic cue weighting are influenced by segmental context: Children are not always perceptually biased toward transitions.Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,115(6),3184-3194.
  25. Mayo, C.,Turk, A.(2005).The influence of spectral distinctiveness on acoustic cue weighting in children's and adults' speech perception.Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,118(3 Pt 1),1730-1741.
  26. Miller, J. L.,Liberman, A. M.(1979).Some effects of later-occurring information on the perception of stop consonant and semivowel.Perception and Psychophysics,25,457-465.
  27. Munson, B.,Kurtz, B. A.,Windsor, J.(2005).The influence of vocabulary size, phonotactic probability,and wordlikeness on nonword repetitions of children with and without specific language impairment.Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research,48(5),1033-1047.
  28. Nittrouer, S.,Lowenstein, J. H.(2009).Does harmonicity explain children's cue weighting of fricative-vowel syllables?.Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,125(3),1679-1692.
  29. Nittrouer, S.,Lowenstein, J. H.(2007).Children's weighting strategies for word-final stop voicing are not explained by auditory sensitivities.Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research,50(1),58-73.
  30. Nittrouer, S.,Lowenstein, J. H.,Packer, R. R.(2009).Children discover the spectral skeletons in their native language before the amplitude envelopes.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance,35(4),1245-1253.
  31. Nittrouer, S.,Miller, M. E.,Crowther, C. S.,Manhart, M. J.(2000).The effect of segmental order on fricative labeling by children and adults.Perception & Psychophysics,62(2),266-284.
  32. Nittrouer, S.,Studdert-Kennedy, M.(1987).The role of coarticulatory effects in the perception of fricatives by children and adults.Journal of Speech & Hearing Research,30(3),319-329.
  33. Ohde, R. N.,Haley, K. L.(1997).Stop-consonant and vowel perception in 3- and 4-year-old children.Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,102,3711-3722.
  34. Parnell, M. M.,Amerman, J. D.(1978).Maturational influences on perception of coarticulatory effects.Journal of Speech & Hearing Research,21,682-701.
  35. Pisoni, D. B.(Ed.),Remez, R. E.(Ed.)(2005).The Handbook of Speech Perception.Oxford:Blackwell.
  36. Pisoni, D.(Ed.),Remez, R.(Ed.)(2005).Handbook of Speech Perception.Malden, MA:Blackwell Publishers.
  37. Polka, L.,Colantonio, C.,Sundara, M.(2001).A cross-language comparison of /d/-/D/ perception: Evidence for a new developmental pattern.Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,109,2190-2201.
  38. Roberstson, E. K.,Joanisse, A. S. D.,Ng, S.(2009).Categorical speech perception deficits distinguish language and reading impairments in children.Developmental Science,12(5),753-767.
  39. Saffran, J. R.,Aslin, R. N.,Newport, E. L.(1996).Statistical learning by 8-month old infants.Science,274,1926-1928.
  40. Shafer, V. L.,Morr, M. L.,Datta, H.,Kurtzberg, D.,Schwartz, R. G.(2005).Neurophysiological indexes of speech processing deficits in children with specific language impairment.Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience,17(7),1168-1180.
  41. Storkel, H. L.(2001).Learning new words: Phonotactic probability in language development.Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research,44(6),1321-1337.
  42. Streeter, L. A.(1976).Language perception of 2-month-old infants shows effects of both innate mechanisms and experience.Nature,259,39-41.
  43. Sundara, M.,Polka, L.,Genesee, F.(2006).Language-experience facilitates discrimination of /d-/ in monolingual and bilingual acquisition of English.Cognition,100(2),369-388.
  44. Sussman, J. E.(2001).Vowel perception by adults and children with normal language and specific language impairment: Based on steady states or transitions?.Journal of the Acoustical Society of American,109,1173-1180.
  45. Trehub, S. E.(1976).The discrimination of foreign speech contrasts by infants and adults.Child Development,47,466-472.
  46. Tsao, F. M.,Liu, H. M.,Kuhl, P. K.(2006).Perception of native and nonnative affricate-fricative contrasts: Cross-Language tests on adults and infants.Journal the Acoustical Society of America,117(6),3879-3889.
  47. Tsao, F. M.,Liu, H. M.,Kuhl, P. K.(2004).Speech perception in infancy predicts language development in the second year of life: A longitudinal study.Child Development,75,1067-1084.
  48. Tseng, C. Y.(1990).An acoustic phonetic study on tones in Mandarin Chinese.Taipei, Taiwan:Institute of History & Philology Academia Science.
  49. Vance, M.,Rosen, S.,Coleman, M.(2009).Assessing speech perception in young children and relationships with language skills.International Journal of Audiology,48,708-717.
  50. Wang, Y.,Sereno, J. A.,Jongman, A.,Hirsch, J.(2003).fMRI evidence for cortical modification during learning of Mandarin lexical tone.Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience,15,1019-1027.
  51. Werker, J. F.,Curtin, S.(2005).PRIMIR: A developmental framework of infant speech processing.Language Learning and Development,1(2),197-234.
  52. Werker, J. F.,Tees, R. C.(1984).Cross-language speech perception: evidence for perceptual reorganization during the first year of life.Infant Behavior and Development,7,49-63.
  53. Werker, J. F.,Tees, R. C.(2005).Speech perception as a window for understanding plasticity and commitment in language systems of the brain.Developmental Psychobiology,46,233-251.
  54. Whalen, D. H.(1989).Vowel and consonant judgments are not independent when cued by the same information.Perception & Psychophysics,46(3),284-292.
  55. Wong, P.,Schwartz, R. G.,Jenkins, J. J.(2005).Perception and production of lexical tones by 3-year-old Mandarin-speaking children.Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research,48(5),1065-1079.
  56. Zamuner, T. S.(2009).Phonotactic probabilities at the onset of language development: Speech production and word position.Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research,52(1),49-60.
  57. 陳小娟(1999)。三至八歲聽覺障礙兒童語音聽知覺接受力之研究。特殊教育與復健學報，7，51-78。
  58. 陸莉、劉鴻香(1998)。修訂畢保德圖畫詞彙測驗。台北市:心理。
  59. 簡秀如(2004)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。台中霧峰，朝陽科技大學幼兒保育研究所。
被引用次数
  1. 曹峰銘,呂信慧(2020)。遲語兒語言發展趨勢和詞彙學習歷程：幼兒期至學齡前期縱貫研究。特殊教育研究學刊，45(1)，33-63。
  2. 曹峰銘、呂信慧(2014)。兩歲遲語兒童的聲調知覺及其與詞彙學習的關係。中華心理學刊，56(4)，415-435。
  3. 簡欣瑜,劉惠美(2021)。語音異常兒童語音知覺、音韻覺識與語音產出之相關。教育心理學報，52(4)，909-933。
  4. 劉惠美、曹峰銘(2014)。臺灣地區兒童語音知覺發展研究之回顧。應用心理研究，61，113-151。
  5. 劉惠美、曹峰銘、張鑑如、徐儷玲(2013)。學前到學齡兒童的語音區辨能力發展及其與詞彙理解的關係 。教育心理學報，45(2)，221-240。
  6. 劉秀丹(2020)。聽損兒童音韻覺識、快速唸名及其對中文閱讀能力的預測。特殊教育研究學刊，45(3)，53-85。
  7. 鄭靜宜(2016)。語音異常兒童的語音區辨及聲學調整對其聽知覺的影響。特殊教育研究學刊，41(3)，35-66。
  8. (2014)。論一般發展與特定型語言障礙兒童音韻處理和詞彙能力的關係。臺北教育大學語文集刊，25，27-64。
print cancel