失語症和認知能力的探討

Cognition and Aphasia

10.6143/JSLHAT.2016.04.04

邱新惠(Hsinhuei Chiou)

失語症 ； 認知 ； 執行功能 ； 語言治療 ； Aphasia ； Cognition ； Executive functions ； Speech therapy

台灣聽力語言學會雜誌

35期（2016 / 04 / 01）

49 - 59

繁體中文

近年來失語症患者的認知能力漸漸受到語言治療學界的重視。語言能力受到認知系統影響的論點探討逐漸增多。以語言理論為基礎來解釋失語症是無法說明失語症患者喪失的其他與語言相關的能力。有些研究學者使用認知理論來說明及補充失語症患者的症狀。本文主要討論認知的定義以及認知與失語症的關係。在失語症的領域上，討論認知功能的時候通常強調執行功能、記憶力及注意力與失語症的關聯。本文解釋大腦如何進行認知上的作業。例如，大腦資源分配的能力及督導發動系統。雖然說失語症的嚴重程度跟非語言的認知程度有一定程度的相關，可是也不能完全用失語症的程度來解釋失語症患者的非語言的認知程度。失語症患者的認知功能障礙的程度多有所差異，因此本文也討論失語症患者的認知能力程度因為不同的因素導致的異質性。

Research studies investigated cognitive ability in people with aphasia. Aphasia, a languagebased impairment, does not seem solely a language disorder. Aphasia cannot always explain linguistic difficulties in people with aphasia. Some researchers proposed that cognitive deficits often result from brain injury. This article intended to define terminologies associated with cognition and explain relationships between cognition and aphasia. Aphasia is related with nonlinguistic cognitive processes. Executive functions, memory and attention are the main cognitive processes investigated in current aphasia literature. Two theoretical models, resource allocation and supervisory activation system, are commonly used to explain language and cognitive processes in the brain. This article also discussed heterogeneity of cognitive abilities and the importance of diagnosis of cognitive abilities in people with aphasia.

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