元代優伶與士夫交遊考畧

An Investigation of the Relationship between Actors, Actresses, and the Gentry Class during the Yuan Dynasty

10.7021/PAJ.200601.0019

陳萬鼐(Wan-Nai Chen)

藍采和雜劇 ； 元代伶人交遊 ； 元代伶人歸宿 ； 商衜 ； YLan Cai He yuan play ； Relationships of Yuan Actors/Actresses ； Shang Dao

臺灣戲專學刊

12期（2006 / 01 / 01）

19 - 47

繁體中文

筆者於本學刊第九、十兩期，發表元代戲班〈優伶生活〉及〈伶倫門戶＞二稿，摭談元代優伶們在職場與家居所呈現直線型的親戚同行生活情形。過去，優伶曾被誤解為「卑微」的職業，以為他們的行動，侷限於伶人周邊之間往來而已？其實，他們以出色才藝，獲得世人的青睞，縱橫交錯周旋於士君子各階層之間。本稿特根據元人詩文集，揭載他們與名公巨卿、文人學士交遊一般情形：如史學家姚燧、文學家盧摯、詩人虞集、藝術家趙孟頫、高官顯宦伯顏、豪門公子史構，……乃至於元英宗碩得八刺，也欣賞玉蓮兒的演技。優伶與士夫交遊，皆至情至性，吟詩作曲，舉止雅馴，言語諧妙；亦足以補元人傳記文學記述之不足，及文士休閒生活之品味。至於優伶的歸宿，除壽終正寢以外，尚有種種度過餘生方式，反映了當時社會經濟的另一個層面，具有研究歷史參考價值。

In Issue 9 and Issue 10 of the journal, the author published two articles discussing the public and private lives of actors and actresses during the Yuan era. In the past, the general public generally viewed the acting profession with much disdain. The profession was perceived as demeaning and it was believed that the profession's social life did not extend beyond the people in the profession itself. However, the misconception was far from the truth. These actors and actress are in fact very socially active and because of their unusual mastery of their arts they were able to befriend admirers from all walks of life, ranging from the literati and officialdom class to the aristocratic class and the wealthy. This article discusses about the friendship and relationship between the actors and actress based on accounts recorded in poem collections from the Yuan era. The poem collections detailed an extensive relationship between the literati class and the actors and actresses including: Historian Yao Sui, Writer Lu Zhi, Poet Yu Ji, Artist Zhao Meng Fu, Minister Bo Yan, and Shi Gou who belongs to the aristocratic class. Even the Yuan Emperor was among the number of people who were socially involved with the actors and actresses. The relationships between the literati and the acting profession were usually casual in nature and these accounts give us a glimpse into the lifestyles of the literati class and their social life. An investigation of the relationship between actors, actresses, and the literati class during the Yuan dynasty illustrated a different aspect of the socio-economy of the era and provided valuable historical references for us today.

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