题名

臺灣濕地復育的機運與困境－以茄萣濕地為例

并列篇名

Opportunities and Predicaments of Wetland Restoration in Taiwan: A Case Study on Jiading Wetlands

DOI

10.6677/JTLR.202005_23(1).0002

作者

陳鵬升(Perng-Sheng Chen)；齊士崢(Shyh-Jeng Chyi)

关键词

土地利用競合 ； 明智利用 ； 茄萣濕地 ； 衝突管理 ； 濕地復育 ； Land use coopetition ； Wise use ； Jiading Wetlands ； Conflict management ； Wetland restoration

期刊名称

臺灣土地研究

卷期/出版年月

23卷1期（2020 / 05 / 01）

页次

47 - 81

内容语文

繁體中文
中文摘要

臺灣擁有豐富的濕地環境，是動植物重要的棲地，扮演著維護生物多樣性與種源基因庫等關鍵角色，但近年來濕地面臨各種開發，造成環境保育與開發之間的衝突與競合。本文以茄萣濕地為研究範圍，探討濕地保育法施行前後在重要濕地內開路，面臨的不同問題及處理過程，並藉此案例討論臺灣濕地復育的機運與困境。首先，回顧茄萣濕地的土地利用演變進程。其次，蒐集相關會議紀錄、審查紀錄、公告書圖及高等行政法院判決等公開資料。藉由上述資料中各關鍵人員發言內容，確認並歸納出利害關係人重要性矩陣。應用利害關係人分析矩陣，分析、驗證和檢討這些折衝過程中，主要利害關係人之間的衝突、互補、合作及相對重要性與影響力，以釐清主要操作權力的利害關係人及權力運作過程。研究結果顯示，藉由各利害關係人的協調與取捨，透過都市計畫變更程序，將高強度的土地使用轉變為濕地公園（127公頃）的例子，是臺灣濕地保育、復育及教育的第一個，也是最重要的案例。本研究對於提供瞭解案例發展的紀錄，解析其利害關係人與操作方式，以作為未來之借鏡有其必要性。本案例對於臺灣的濕地復育及都市發展如何有效共存提供了重要的方向。
英文摘要

Taiwan exhibits plentiful wetlands, which serve as crucial habitats for animals and plants and play a key role in maintaining biodiversity and protecting the gene database of many species. Recently, conflicts and coopetition between environmental conservation and land development surrounding wetlands have arisen. This study explored the problems encountered in the road construction in Jiading Wetlands and solutions thereof before and after the enactment of Wetland Conservation Act, thereby revealing the opportunities and predicaments surrounding the wetland conservation efforts in Taiwan. First, changes in the use of Jiading Wetlands were reviewed. Second, public information such as meeting and review records, documents of announcement, and decisions by the high administrative court was collected; the speeches by key personnel in this information were analyzed to confirm and organize an importance matrix of stakeholders. The matrix was employed to analyze, verify, and discuss the conflict, complementation, cooperation, and relative importance and influence between the stakeholders, thereby clarifying the primary stakeholders and how they exercise their power. The analysis results revealed that the conversion of a high-intensity land use zone to a 127-hectare wetland park was the first and most crucial example of the wetland preservation, restoration, and education in Taiwan, achieved through the coordination and compromises between stakeholders as well as the changes in urban planning. The records on the case were analyzed to clarify the primary stakeholders and their exercising of powers, providing a crucial reference for effective coordination between wetland conservation and urban development in Taiwan.
主题分类 基礎與應用科學 > 永續發展研究
参考文献
  1. 黃書禮,李盈潔,李叢禎,周素卿,林子倫,張昱諄,張學聖,葉佳宗,詹士樑,蔡育新(2018)。接軌「都市化與環境變遷」國際研究—台灣研究議題。臺灣土地研究，21(2)，93-110。
    連結：
  2. Asomani-Boateng, R.(2019).Urban Wetland Planning and Management in Ghana: a Disappointing Implementation.Wetlands,39(2),251-261.
  3. BirdLife International, 2017. Platalea minor. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T22697568A119347801. DOI:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T22697568A119347801.en. Downloaded on 15 August 2019.
  4. Brooks, T. M.,Mittermeier, R. A.,Mittermeier, C. G.,Da Fonseca, G. A.,Rylands, A. B.,Konstant, W. R,Hilton-Taylor, C.(2002).Habitat loss and extinction in the hotspots of biodiversity.Conservation biology,16(4),909-923.
  5. Bruner, A. G.,Gullison, R. E.,Rice, R. E.,Da Fonseca, G. A.(2001).Effectiveness of parks in protecting tropical biodiversity.Science,291(5501),125-128.
  6. Bryson, J. M.(ed.),Einsweiler, R. C.(ed.)(1988).Strategic planning, treats and opportunities for planners.
  7. Cho D. O.,Olsen, S. B.(2003).The Status and Prospects for Coastal Management in Korea.Coastal Management,31(1),99-119.
  8. Choi Y. R.(2014).Modernization, development and underdevelopment: reclamation of Korean tidal flats, 1950s-2000s.Ocean Coast Management,102,426-436.
  9. Choi, C. Y.,Nam, H. Y.,Lee, W. S.(2015).Behavioural responses of wintering black-faced spoonbills (Platalea minor) to disturbance.Wildlife Research,41(6),465-472.
  10. Clark N. E.,Boakes, E. H.,McGowan, J. K,Mace, G. M.,Fuller, R. A.(2013).Protected Areas in South Asia Have Not Prevented Habitat Loss: A Study Using Historical Models of Land-Use Change.PLoS ONE,8(5),e65298.
  11. Corrigan, C.(ed.),Hay-Edie, T.(ed.)(2013).A toolkit to support conservation by indigenous peoples and local communities: building capacity and sharing knowledge for indigenous peoples’ and community conserved territories and areas (ICCAs).Cambridge, UK.:UNEP-WCMC.
  12. Costanza R.,Pérez-Maqueo, O.,Martinez, M. I.,Sutton, P.,Anderson, S. J.,Mulder, K.(2008).The value of coastal wetlands for hurricane protection.Ambio,37(4),241-248.
  13. Costanza, R.,d’Arge, R.,Groot, R.,Farber, S.,Grasso, M.,Hannon, B.,Limburg, K.,Naeem, S.,O’Neill, R.V.,Paruelo, J.,Raskin, R. G.,Sutton, P.,Belt, M.(1997).The value of the world’s ecosystem services and natural capital.Nature,387,253-260.
  14. Costanza, R.,Groot, R.,Sutton, P.,van der Ploeg, S.,Anderson, S. J.,Kubiszewski, I.,Farber, S.,Turner, K.(2014).Changes in the global value of ecosystem services.Global Environmental Change,26,152-158.
  15. Davidson, N. C.(2014).How much wetland has the world lost? Long-term and recent trends in global 295 wetland area.Marine and Freshwater Research,65(10),934-941.
  16. Doughty C. L.,Langley, J. A.,Walker, W. S.,Feller, I. C.,Schaub, R.,Chapman, S. K.(2016).Mangrove Range Expansion Rapidly Increases Coastal Wetland Carbon Storage.Estuaries and Coasts,39(2),385-396.
  17. Ervin, D.,Brown, D.,Chang, H.,Dujon, V.,Granek, E.,, ShandasV.,Yeakley, A.(2012).Growing cities depend on ecosystem services.Solutions,2(6),74-86.
  18. Felipe-Lucia, M. R.,Martín-López, B.,Lavorel, S.,Berraquero-Díaz, L.,Escalera-Reyes, J.,Comín, F. A.(2015).Ecosystem Services Flows: Why Stakeholders’Power Relationships Matter.PLOS ONE,10(7),e0132232.
  19. García-Llorente, M.,Martín-López, B.,Montes, C.(2011).Exploring the motivations of protesters in contingent valuation: Insights for conservation policies.Environmental Science and Policy,14(1),76-88.
  20. Gardner, R. C.,Finlayson, C. M.(2018).Global Wetland Outlook: State of the World’s Wetlands and their Services to People.Gland, Switzerland:Ramsar Convention Secretariat.
  21. Grimble, R.,Wellard, K.(1997).Stakeholder Methodologies in Natural Resource Management: a Review of Concepts, Contexts, Experiences and Opportunities.Agricultural Systems,55,173-193.
  22. Haddad, N. M.,Brudvig, L. A.,Clobert, J.,Davies, K. F.,Gonzalez, A.,Holt, R. D.,Cook, W. M.(2015).Habitat fragmentation and its lasting impact on Earth’s ecosystems.Science advances,1(2),e1500052.
  23. Ibisch, P. L.,Hoffmann, M. T.,Kreft, S.,Pe’er, G.,Kati, V.,Biber-Freudenberger, L.,Selva, N.(2016).A global map of roadless areas and their conservation status.Science,354(6318),1423-1427.
  24. Johnston, C. A.(2013).Wetland Losses Due to Row Crop Expansion in the Dakota Prairie Pothole Region.Wetlands,33(1),175-182.
  25. Kang J. H.,Kim, I. K.,Lee, K. S.,Kwon, I. K.,Lee, H.,Rhim, S. J.(2017).Home range and movement of juvenile black-faced spoonbill (Platalea minor) in South Korea.Journal of Ecology and Environment,41(3)
  26. Kang, J. H.,Kim, I. K.,Lee, K. S.,Lee, H.,Rhim, S. J.(2016).Distribution, breeding status, and conservation of the black-faced spoonbill (Platalea minor) in South Korea.Forest Science and Technology,12(3),162-166.
  27. Lee, S. Y.,Dunn, R. J. K.,Young, R. A.,Connolly, R. M.,Dale, P.,Dehayr, R.,Teasdale, P.(2006).Impact of urbanization on coastal wetland structure and function.Austral Ecological,31(2),149-163.
  28. Margules C. R.,Pressey, R. L.(2000).Systematic conservation planning.Nature,405,243-253.
  29. McKinney, R. A.,Raposa, K. B.,Cournoyer, R. M.(2011).Wetlands as habitat in urbanizing landscapes: Patterns of bird abundance and occupancy.Landscape and Urban Planning,100(1-2),144-152.
  30. Mittermeier R. A.,Turner, W. R.,Larsen, F. W.,Brooks, T. M.,Gascon, C.(2011).Global Biodiversity Conservation: The Critical Role of Hotspots.Biodiversity Hotspots,3-22.
  31. Murray, N. J.,Fuller, R. A.(2015).Protecting stopover habitat for migratory shorebirds in East Asia.Journal of Ornithology,156(S1),217-225.
  32. Mustonen, T.,Kontkanen, H.(2019).Safe places: Increasing Finnish waterfowl resilience through human-made wetlands.Polar Science,21(4)
  33. Myers, N.,Mittermeier, R. A.,Mittermeier, C. G.,da Fonseca, G. A. B.,Kent, J.,Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities(2000).Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities.Nature,403,853-858.
  34. Pauchard, A.,Aguayo, M.,Peña, E.,Urrutia, R.(2006).Multiple effects of urbanization on the biodiversity of developing countries: the case of a fast-growing metropolitan area (Concepción, Chile).Biological conservation,127(3),272-281.
  35. Pickett, E. J.,Chan, M.,Cheng, W.,Allcock, J.,Chan, S.,Hu, J.,Bonebrake, T.C.(2018).Cryptic and cumulative impacts on the wintering habitat of the endangered black-faced spoonbill (Platalea minor) risk its long-term viability.Environmental Conservation,45(2),147-154.
  36. Roberge J. M,Angelstam, P.(2004).Usefulness of the Umbrella species concept as a conservation tool.Conservation Biology,18(1),76-85.
  37. Rojas, C.,Munizaga, J.,Rojas, O.,Martínez, C.,Pino, J.(2019).Urban development versus wetland loss in a coastal Latin American city: Lessons for sustainable land use planning.Land Use Policy,80,47-56.
  38. Saunders D. A.,Hobbs, R. J.,Margules, C. R.(1991).Biological consequences of ecosystem fragmentation - a review.Conservation Biology,5(1),18-32.
  39. Steyaert, P.,Barzman, M.,Billaud, J. P.,Brives, H.,Hubert, B.,Ollivier, G.,Roche, B.(2007).The role of knowledge and research in facilitating social learning among stakeholders in natural resources management in the French Atlantic coastal wetlands.Environmental science and policy,10(6),537-550.
  40. Stoms, D. M.(2000).GAP management status and regional indicators of threats to biodiversity.Landscape Ecology,15(1),21-33.
  41. Sung, Y. H.,Tse, I. W. L.,Yu, Y. T.(2018).Population trends of the Black-faced Spoonbill Platalea minor: analysis of data from international synchronized censuses.Bird Conservation International,28(1),157-167.
  42. Swennen, C.,Yu, Y. T.(2005).Food and feeding behavior of the Black-faced Spoonbill.Waterbirds,28(1),19-27.
  43. Todhunter P. E.,Rundquist, B. C.(2004).Terminal Lake Flooding and Wetland Expansion in Nelson County, North Dakota.Physical Geography,25(1),68-85.
  44. Trave, C.,Sheaves, M.(2014).Ecotone analysis: Assessing the impact of vehicle transit on salt-marsh crab population and ecosystem.Springer Plus,3(1),655.
  45. Turner V. K.,Kaplan, D. H.(2019).Geographic perspectives on urban sustainability: past, current, and future research trajectories.Urban Geography,40(3),267-278.
  46. Ueng Y. T.,Perng, J. J.,Wang, J. P.,Weng, J. H.,Hou, P. C. L.(2006).Diet of the Blackfaced Spoonbill Wintering at Chiku Wetland in Southwestern Taiwan.Waterbirds,29(2),185-190.
  47. Ueta, M.,Melville, D. S.,Wang, Y.,Ozaki, K.,Kanai, Y.,Leader, P. J.,Wang, C. C.,Kuo, C. Y.(2002).Discovery of the breeding sites and migration routes of black-faced spoonbills Platalea minor.IBIS,144,340-343.
  48. Wang, H. W.,Dodd, A.,Kuo, P. H.,LePage, B.(2018).Science as a Bridge in Communicating Needs and Implementing Changes towards Wetland Conservation in Taiwan.Wetlands,38(6),1223-1232.
  49. Wei, G. A.,Lei, F. M.,Yin, Z. H.,Ding, C.Q.,Ding, W. N.(2005).Nesting and disturbance of the black-faced spoonbill in Liaoning province, China.Waterbirds,28(4),420-426.
  50. Wood, C.,Tomida, H.,Jin-Han, K.,Lee, K. S.,Cho, H. J.,Nishida, S.,Ibrahim, J.,Hur, W. H.,Kim, H. J.,Kim, S. H.,Koike, H.,Fujita, G.,Higuchi, H.,Yahara, T.(2013).New perspectives on habitat selection by the black-faced spoonbill Platalea minor based upon satellite telemetry.Bird Conservation International,23(4),495-501.
  51. Xu, X.,Xie, Y.,Qi, K.,Luo, Z.,Wang, X.(2018).Detecting the response of bird communities and biodiversity to habitat loss and fragmentation due to urbanization.Science of the total environment,624,1561-1576.
  52. Yeung, C. L.,Yao, C. T.,Hsu, Y. C.,Wang, J. P.,Li, S. H.(2006).Assessment of the historical population size of an endangered bird, the black-faced spoonbill (Platalea minor) by analysis of mitochondrial DNA diversity.Animal Conservation,9,1-10.
  53. Yu, Y.,Swennen, T.C.(2004).Habitat Use of the Black-faced Spoonbill.Waterbirds,27(2),129-134.
  54. 內政部，2019，內政部 108 年 6 月 14 日台內營字第 1080808964 號公告，公告訂定「衝擊減輕及生態補償實施辦法」附件 2 濕地影響費計算公式有關生態經濟價值之每平方公尺金額標準值，網址：http://wetland-tw.tcd.gov.tw/WetLandWeb/news-info.php?id=3059，瀏覽日期：2019 年 6 月 28 日。
  55. 王克孝(2015).台灣重要野鳥棲地手冊.行政院農業委員會林務局.
  56. 冉福立, Kees,江樹生（譯）(1997).十七世紀荷蘭人繪製的臺灣老地圖.臺北:漢聲出版社.
  57. 朱柔若（譯）,Neuman, W. L.(2000).社會研究方法：質化與量化取向.臺北:揚智出版社.
  58. 行政院農業委員會林務局，2019，陸域保育類野生動物名錄，農林務字第1071702243A 號，2019 年 1 月 9 日生效。
  59. 行政院農業委員會林務局，2017，修正「保育類野生動物名錄」，農林務字第1061700219 號，2017 年 5 月 1 日生效。
  60. 行政院環境保育署(2018)。行政院環境保育署，2018，環境影響評估審查委員會第 340 次會議紀錄，107 年 10月 17 日環署綜字第 1070084213 號函。
  61. 香港觀鳥會，2019，黑臉琵鷺全球同步普查 2019，網址：https://cms.hkbws.org.hk/cms/join-us-tw/zh-tw/project-tw/endangered-species-tw/bfs/bfs-census2019，瀏覽日期：2019 年 8 月 13 日。
  62. 徐韶良(2004)。國立臺灣大學地理環境資源研究所。
  63. 翁義聰（編）(2008).2007 國家重要濕地彙編.臺北:內政部營建署城鄉發展分署.
  64. 翁義聰,邱彩綢,鄧伯齡,劉清榮(2017)。嘉義布袋鹽田設置太陽能光電與黑面琵鷺棲地保護的衝突。濕地學刊，6(1)，19-31。
  65. 高雄市政府(2016)。高雄市政府，2016，105 年 8 月 31 日召開本府環境影響評估審查委員會第 43 次會議紀錄，民國 105 年 10 月 3 日高市府環綜字第 10540007100 號函。
  66. 高雄高等行政法院，2019，106 年訴字第 170 號行政判決，裁判日期：2019 年 3 月12 日。
  67. 張復明,方俊育(2008).台灣的鹽業.臺北:遠足文化出版社.
  68. 陳鵬升,齊士崢(2015)。我國濕地劃設與衝突管理之初探。濕地學刊，4(1)，31-42。
  69. 陳鵬升,齊士崢(2009)。臺灣濕地保育面臨之挑戰－以台南地區濕地劃設為例。臺灣土地研究，22(1)，29-57。
  70. 黑面琵鷺保育學會，2019，黑面琵鷺全球同步普查，網址：http://www.bfsa.org.tw/tc/research-in-1.php，瀏覽日期：2019 年 5 月 13 日。
  71. 鄭和泰(2010)。,高雄市政府。
  72. 鄭和泰(2015)。,高雄市茄萣生態文化協會。
  73. 蕭新煌（編）,周素卿（編）,黃書禮（編）(2017).臺灣的都市氣候議題與治理.臺北:國立臺灣大學出版中心.
print cancel