题名

轉換型領導、交易型領導、倫理氣候與情緒智力對房屋仲介經紀人員工作績效之影響－以信任管理者為中介變數

并列篇名

The Influence of Transformational Leadership, Transactional Leadership, Ethical Climate, and Emotional Intelligence on the Performance of Housing Agents: The Mediation Effect of Trust in Supervisor

DOI

10.6677/JTLR.202205_25(1).0002

作者

李春長(Chun-chang Lee)；葉文芝(Wen-chih Yeh)；俞錚(Zheng Yu)；許榮剛(Rong-Gang Xu)；洪啟恩(Qi-En Hong)；施沛岑(Pei-Cen Shi)

关键词

信任管理者 ； 轉換型領導 ； 交易型領導 ； 倫理氣候 ； 工作績效 ； trust in supervisor ； transformational leadership ； transactional leadership ； ethical climate ； job performance

期刊名称

臺灣土地研究

卷期/出版年月

25卷1期（2022 / 05 / 01）

页次

23 - 61

内容语文

繁體中文
中文摘要

本研究探討影響房屋仲介人員工作績效之因素。考慮情緒智力、信任管理者等個人層次及轉換型領導、交易型領導與倫理氣候等團隊層次對於工作績效之影響，提出概念架構模型。以階層線性中介分析進行參數之估計。調查對象為高雄市的房屋仲介人員，實際發放97家分店，共970份問卷，實際回收69家分店，共496份問卷，最後保留59家分店407份問卷，有效回收率為41.96%。實證結果顯示，仲介人員對倫理氣候、情緒智力與信任管理者之認知愈高則工作績效愈高。房屋仲介經紀人員對轉換型領導、倫理氣候與情緒智力之認知愈高則信任管理者之認知愈高。另外，轉換型領導、倫理氣候與情緒智力變數對工作績效之影響會受到信任管理者之中介作用。
英文摘要

This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the job performance of housing agents. The conceptual framework model proposed in this study takes into account various factors that could influence housing agents' job performance, including individual-level factors such as emotional intelligence and trust in supervisor and team-level factors such as transformational leadership, transactional leadership, and ethical climate. Parameter estimation was performed by means of hierarchical linear modeling. The respondents consisted of housing agents in Kaohsiung City. A total of 970 questionnaires were administered to 97 branch offices of housing brokerage companies and 496 valid responses were collected from 69 branch offices. There were 407 valid responses collected from 59 branch offices, indicating an effective response rate of 41.96%. The empirical results revealed that housing agents had better job performance when there were higher perceptions of ethical climate, emotional intelligence, and trust in their supervisors. The housing agents' perceptions of trust in their supervisors also increased when there were higher perceptions of transformational leadership, ethical climate, and emotional intelligence. In addition, trust in supervisors mediated the influence of the three variables of transformational leadership, ethical climate, and emotional intelligence on job performance.
主题分类 基礎與應用科學 > 永續發展研究
参考文献
  1. 吳宗祐(2008)。由不當督導到情緒耗竭：部屬正義知覺與情緒勞動的中介效果。中華心理學刊，50(2)，201-221。
    連結：
  2. 呂宗盈,張國財(2019)。不動產仲介凶宅買賣問題與法院實務判決見解之探究。土地問題研究季刊，18(1)，81-89。
    連結：
  3. 李春長,沈姵君(2008)。組織結構，員工工作滿意度與組織承諾對工作績效之影響－以不動產經紀人員為例。台灣土地研究，11(1)，65-103。
    連結：
  4. 李春長,游淑滿(2007)。經營型態，薪資結構對房屋仲介從業人員績效之影響。國立台灣大學建築與城鄉研究學報，14，53-68。
    連結：
  5. 林芝儀,俞錚,李春長(2017)。台灣不動產仲介經紀業職業倫理規範之回顧與審視。土地問題研究季刊，62，62-74。
    連結：
  6. 翁良杰,李怡靜(2015)。換型領導對群體成員知識分享之跨層次研究：社會兩難觀點之分析。商略學報，7(1)，53-70。
    連結：
  7. 彭建文(2003)。不動產仲介業經營型態對經營績效之影響。台灣土地研究，6(2)，61-78。
    連結：
  8. 溫福星,邱皓政(2009)。多層次模型方法論：階層線性模式的關鍵議題與試解。臺大管理論叢，19(2)，263-293。
    連結：
  9. Armstrong, J. S.,Overton, T. S.(1977).Estimating Nonresponse Bias in Mail Surveys.Journal of Marketing Research,14(3),396-402.
  10. Avolio, B. J.(1999).Full leadership development: Building the Vital Forces in Organizations.Thousand Oaks.
  11. Avolio, B. J.,Zhu, W.,Koh, W.,Bhatia, P.(2004).Transformational Leadership and Organizational Commitment: Mediating Role of Psychological Empowerment and Moderating Role of Structural Distance.Journal of Organizational Behavior,25(8),437.
  12. Baron, R. M.,Kenny, D. A.(1986).The Moderator–mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research: Conceptual, Strategic, and Statistical Considerations.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,51(6),1173-1182.
  13. Bass, B. M.(1985).Leadership: Good, Better, Best.Organizational Dynamics,13(3),26-40.
  14. Bass, B. M.(1998).Transformational Leadership: Industrial, Military, and Educational Impact.Mahwah, NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  15. Bass, B.M.(1990).From Transactional to Transformational Leadership: Learning to Share the Vision.Organizational Dynamics,18(3),19-31.
  16. Braun, S.,Peus, C.,Weisweiler, S.,Frey, D.(2013).Transformational leadership, job satisfaction, and team performance: A multilevel mediation model of trust.The Leadership Quarterly,24(1),270-283.
  17. Breevaart, K.,Bakker, A. B.(2018).Daily Job Demands and Employee Work Engagement: The Role of Daily Transformational Leadership Behavior.Journal of Occupational Health psychology,23(3),338-349.
  18. Bryk, A. S.,Raudenbush, S. W.(1992).Hierarchical Linear Models in Social and Behavioral Research: Applications and Data Analysis Methods.Newbury Park, CA:Sage Publications.
  19. Burke, C. S.,Sims, D. E.,Lazzara, E. H.,Salas, E.(2009).Corrigendum to Trust in Leadership: A Multi-Level Review and Integration.The Leadership Quarterly,20(1),55.
  20. Burns, J. M.(1978).Leadership: Transformational Leadership, Transactional Leadership.New York:Harper and Row.
  21. Campbell, J. P.,McHenry, J. J.,Wise, L.(1990).Modeling Job Performance in A Population of Jobs.Personnel Psychology,43(2),313-575.
  22. Carleton, E. L.,Barling, J.,Trivisonno, M.(2018).Leaders’ trait mindfulness and transformational leadership: The mediating roles of leaders’ positive affect and leadership self-efficacy.Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science / Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement,50(3),185-194.
  23. Carter, M. Z.,Mossholder, K. W.(2015).Are We on the Same Page? The Performance Effects of Congruence Between Supervisor and Group Trust.Journal of Applied Psychology,100(5),1349-1363.
  24. Clarke, N.(2006).Emotional Intelligence Training: A Case of Caveat Emptor.Human Resource Development Review,5(4),422-441.
  25. Colquitt, J. A.,Scott, B. A.,LePine, J. A.(2007).Trust, Trustworthiness, and Trust Propensity: A Meta-Analytic Test of Their Unique Relationships With Risk Taking and Job Performance.Journal of Applied Psychology,92(4),909-927.
  26. Cooper, R.,Sawaf, A.(1996).Executive EQ, How to Develop the Four Cornerstones of Emotional Intelligence for Success in Life and Work.London:Orion Books.
  27. Cropanzano, R.,Mitchell, M. S.(2005).Social Exchange Theory: An Interdisciplinary Review.Journal of Management,31(6),874-900.
  28. DeConinck, J. B.(2011).The Effects of Ethical Climate on Organizational Identification, Supervisory Trust, and Turnover among Salespeople.Journal of Business Research,64(6),617-624.
  29. Den Hartog, D. N.,Van Muijen, J. J.,Koopman, P. L.(1997).Transactional Versus Transformational Leadership: An Analysis of the MLQ.Journal of Occii national and Organizational Psychology,70(19),19-34.
  30. Dirks, K. T.,Ferrin, D. L.(2002).Trust in Leadership: Meta-Analytic Findings and Implications for Research and Practice.Published in Journal of Applied Psychology,87(4),611-628.
  31. Dixon, M. A.,Cunningham, G. B.(2006).Data Aggregation in Multilevel Analysis: A Review of Conceptual and Statistical Issues.Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science,10(2),85-107.
  32. Dvir, T.,Eden, D.,Avolio, B. J.,Shamir, B.(2002).Impact of Transformational Leadership on Follower Development and Performance: a Field Experiment.Academy of Management Journal,45(4),735-744.
  33. Fennell, D.(2015).Personal Risk Assessment: A Key to Safety Performance Excellence on and Off the Job.ASSE Professional Development Conference and Exposition
  34. Fiedler, F. E.(1969).The Effect of Leadership Style Upon the Performance and Adjustment of Volunteer Teams Operating in Stressful Foreign Environment.Human Relations,22(6),503-514.
  35. Gilbert, J. A.,Tang, T. L. P.(1998).An Examination of Organizational Trust Antecedents.Public Personnel Management,27(3),321-338.
  36. Goleman, D.(1995).Emotional Intelligence.New York, NY:Bantam Books.
  37. Goleman, D.(1998).Working with Emotional Intelligence.New York:Bantam.
  38. Hall, D. T.,Goodale, J. G.(1986).Human Resource Management: Strategy, Design and Implement.Scotland Foresmen Company.
  39. Heck, R.H.,Thomas, S. L.(2009).An Introduction to Multilevel Modeling Techniques.New York, NY:Routledge.
  40. Hersey, P.,Blanchard, K. H.(1974).So You Want to Know Your Leadership.StyleTraining and Development Journal,28(2),22-37.
  41. Hinds, P. J.,Pfeffer, J.(2003).Cognitive and Motivational Factors Affecting the Transfer of Expertise.The MIT Press.
  42. Hofmann, D.(1997).An Overview of the Logic and Rationale of Hierarchical Linear Models.Journal of Management,23(6),723-744.
  43. Hosmer, L. T.(1995).Trust: The Connecting Link Between Organizational Theory and Philosophical Ethics.Academy of Management Review,20(2),379-403.
  44. Jones, G. R.,George, J. M.(1998).The Experience and Evolution of Trust: Implications for Cooperation and Teamwork.Academy of Management review,23(3),531-546.
  45. Klein, K. J.,Dansereau, F.,Hall, R. J.(1994).Levels Issues in Theory Development, Data Collection, and Analysis.The Academy of Management Review,19(2),195-229.
  46. Kohlberg, L.(1984).The Psychology of Moral Development: The Nature and Validity of Moral Stages.
  47. Krull, J. L.,MacKinnon, D. P.(1999).Multilevel Mediation Modeling in Group-Based Intervention Studie.Evaluation Review,23(4),418-444.
  48. Kuhnert, K. W.,Lewis, P.(1987).Transactional and transformational leadership: a constructive/developmental analysis.Academy of Management Review,12(4),648-657.
  49. Lee, C. C.,Lee, C. W.,Jiang, L. T.,Lin, C. Y.,Huang, F. L.,Yu, C.(2017).The Impact of Salary Structure, Performance Requirements, and Type of Business on the Performance of Housing Brokerage Employees.Asian Economic and Financial Review,7(7),685-699.
  50. Lee, C. C.,Lin, Y. H.,Huang, H. C.,Huang, W. W.,Teng, H. H.(2015).The Effects of Task Interdependence, Team Cooperation, and Team Conflict on Job Performance.Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal,43(4),529-536.
  51. Liao, H.,Chuang, A.(2007).Transforming Service Employees and Climate: A Multilevel, Multisource Examination of Transformational Leadership in Building Long-term Service Relationships.Journal of Applied Psychology,92(4),1006-1019.
  52. Lim, S. H.,Han, S. S.,Joo, Y. S.(2018).Effects of Nurses’ Emotional Intelligence on their Organizational Citizenship Behavior, with Mediating Effects of Leader Trust and Value Congruence.Japan Journal of Nursing Science,15(4),363-374.
  53. Liu, J.,Siu, O. L.,Shi, K.(2010).Transformational Leadership and Employee Well-being: The Mediating Role of Trust in the Leader and Self-efficacy.Applied Psychology,59(3),454-479.
  54. Lopes, P. N.,Brackett, M. A.,Nezlek, J.,Schütz, A.,Sellin, I.,Salovey, P.(2004).Emotional Intelligence and Social Interaction.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,30(2),1018-1034.
  55. MacKenzie, S. B.,Podsakoff, P. M.,Rich, G. A.(2001).Transformational and Transactional Leadership and Salesperson Performance.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,29(2),115-134.
  56. Mayer, J. D.,Salovey, P. C.(1990).Emotional Intelligence, Imagination.Cognition and Personality,9(3),185-211.
  57. Motowidlo, S. J.,Scotter, J. R.(1994).Evidence That Task Performance Should Be Distinguished from Contextual Performance.Journal of Applied Psychology,79(4),475-480.
  58. Muhammad, A.,Usman, A.,Muhammad, I. R.(2017).Mediating Role of Organizational Commitment in Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Job Performance: Evidence from Higher Education Sector of Pakistan.GMJACS,7(1),110-120.
  59. Mulki, J. P.,Jaramillo, F.,Locander, W. B.(2006).Effects of Ethical Climate and Supervisory Trust on Salesperson’s Job Attitudes and Intentions to Quit.Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management,26(1),19-26.
  60. Nanjundeswaraswamy, T. S.,Swamy, D. R.(2014).Leadership Styles.Advances In Management,7(2),57-62.
  61. Olivia N.,Helena, L. K.,Hannu, I.,Riitta, M.(2015).Ethical Climate and Nurse Competence - Newly Graduated Nurses’ Perceptions.Nurs Ethics,22(8),21.
  62. Robbins, S. P.(2001).Organisational Behaviour.New York:Prentice-Hall.
  63. Schmitt, N.(Ed.),Borman, W. C.(Ed.)(1993).Personnel Selection in Organizations.San Francisco:Jossey, Bass.
  64. Schwepker, C. H.(2001).Ethical climate’s relationship to job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention in the salesforce.Journal of Business Research,54(1),39-52.
  65. Sinclair, A.(1993).Approaches to organisational culture and ethics.Journal of Business ethics,12(1),63-73.
  66. Sundi, K.(2013).Effect of transformational leadership and transactional leadership on employee performance of Konawe Education Department at Southeast Sulawesi Province.International Journal of Business and Management Invention,2(12),50-58.
  67. Tang, T.(1998).An Examination of Organizational Trust Antecedents.Public Personnel Management,27(3),321-338.
  68. Thornton, G. C.(1980).Psychometric Properties of Self-Appraisals of Job Performance.Personnel Psychology,33(2),263-271.
  69. Trevino, L. K.,Brown, M. E.(2006).Ethical Leadership: A Review and Future Directions.The Leadership Quarterly,17(6),595-616.
  70. Valentine, S.,Barnett, T.(2003).Ethics Code Awareness, Perceived Ethical Values, and Organizational Commitment.Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management,23(4),359-367.
  71. Victor, B.,Cullen, J. B.(1988).The organizational bases of ethical work climates.Administrative Science Quarterly,33(1),101-125.
  72. Victor, B.,Cullen, J. B.(1998).The Effects of Ethical Climates on Organizational Commitment: A Two-Study Analysis.Journal of Business Ethics,46(2),127-141.
  73. Yeh, W. C.,Lee, C. C.,Yu, Z.,Wu, P. S.,Chang, J. Y.,Huang, J. H.(2020).The Impact of the Physical Attractiveness and Intellectual Competence on Loyalty.sustainability,12(10),1-23.
  74. Zhu, W.,Avolio, B. J.,Walumbwa, F. O.(2009).Moderating Role of Follower Characteristics with Transformational Leadership and Follower Work Engagement.Group & Organization Management,34(5),590-619.
  75. 王新怡(2003)。國立中山大學人力資源研究所。
  76. 汪昱(2005)。旅館領導行為與服務人員公民行為的關聯。中華技術學院學報，32，253-271。
  77. 周如意,龍立榮(2016)。我犧牲型領導與員工反生產行為。導認同與心理權利的作用，3，1-7。
  78. 林進益。科技發展對不動產仲介業的影響。土地問題研究季刊，20(1)，58-72。
  79. 高柏倫(2008)。成功大學企業管理學系碩士在職專班。
  80. 許士軍(1999)。新管理典範下的企業倫理。通識教育季刊，6(3)，35-46。
  81. 許士軍(1994)。倫理氣候與知識分享關係之研究。人文暨社會科學期刊，8(2)，48。
  82. 鄭伯壎(1995)。組織價值觀的上下契合度與組織成員個人的效能。中華心理學刊，37(1)，25-44。
  83. 濮世偉(1997)。國立政治大學教育研究所。
被引用次数
  1. (2024)。交易型領導、轉換型領導對工作投入之研究－以組織認同為中介變項。輔仁管理評論，31(3)，56-93。
print cancel