Exploring the Domain of Information ＂Users＂: Semantic Analysis of Wikipedia Articles

資訊「使用者」領域之探索：以維基百科條目語意分析為例

10.6182/jlis.202006_18(1).001

Soohyung Joo

Information Users ； Domain Analysis ； Textual Analysis ； Wikipedia ； User Studies ； 資訊使用者 ； 領域分析 ； 文本分析 ； 維基百科 ； 使用者研究

圖書資訊學刊

18卷1期（2020 / 06 / 01）

1 - 23

英文

This study aims to explore the domain of information users based on the textual analysis of Wikipedia. The study collected 132 Wikipedia articles related to information users. Then, multiple existing methods of textual analysis were applied to explore prevalent concepts and topics in relation to information users. The text analysis methods applied in this study include: Term frequency analysis, the Latent Dirichlet Allocation topic models, hierarchical clustering, dimensional reduction, and term co-occurrence analysis. The findings reveal that Wikipedia covers various topics of the domain of information users. The domain of information users involves four fundamental concepts, including ＂users,＂ ＂behaviors,＂ ＂systems/technology,＂ and ＂information objects.＂ In addition, the study identifies different areas of the domain, ranging from information search behavior, information retrieval, human-computer interaction, user experience, human factors, and to others.

本研究透過文本分析維基百科中的條目，以探索資訊使用者領域包含之概念與主題。本研究蒐集132則與資訊使用者有關之維基百科條目，運用多種文本分析方法，包括：字詞頻率分析（term frequency analysis）、潛在Dirichlet分配主題模型（Latent Dirichlet Allocation topic models）、階層式分群法（hierarchical clustering）、維度縮減（dimensional reduction）、詞語共現分析（term co-occurrence analysis）等，探索與資訊使用者有關之各種概念與主題。研究結果顯示，維基百科在資訊使用者領域中包含多元主題詞條，包括4種基本概念：使用者、行為、系統／科技、資訊物件。此外，本研究也分辨出此領域中的不同範圍，包含資訊搜尋行為、資訊檢索、人機互動、使用者體驗與人因等。

1. Alben, L.(1996).Quality of experience: Defining the criteria for effective interaction design.Interactions,3(3),11-15.
2. Azer, S. A.(2014).Evaluation of gastroenterology and hepatology articles on Wikipedia: Are they suitable as learning resources for medical students?.European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology,26(2),155-163.
3. Bawden, D.(2006).Users, user studies and human information behaviour: A three-decade perspective on Tom Wilson’s “On user studies and information needs.Journal of Documentation,62(6),671-679.
4. Blei, D. M.(2012).Probabilistic topic models.Communications of the ACM,55(4),77-84.
5. Blei, D. M.,Ng, A. Y.,Jordan, M. I.(2003).Latent dirichlet allocation.Journal of Machine Learning Research,3,993-1022.
6. Borlund, P.(2000).Experimental components for the evaluation of interactive information retrieval systems.Journal of Documentation,56(1),71-90.
7. Borlund, P.(2003).The IIR evaluation model: a framework for evaluation of interactive information retrieval systems.Information Research,8(3)
8. Brien, H. L,Toms, E. G.(2008).What is user engagement? A conceptual framework for defining use rengagement with technology.Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology,59(6),938-955.
9. Callan, J.,Allan, J.,Clarke, C. L. A.,Dumais, S.,Evans, D. A.,Sanderson, M.,Zhai, C.-X.(2007).Meeting of the MINDS: An information retrieval research agenda.SIGIR Forum,41(2),25-34.
10. Chen, B., Lin, Z., & Evans, T. S. (2019). Analysis of the Wikipedia network of mathematicians. Retrieved from https://arxiv.org/abs/1902.07622
11. Chesney, T.(2006).An empirical examination of Wikipedia’s credibility.First Monday,11(11)
12. Da Silva, T. S.,Silveira, M. S.,Maurer, F.,Hellmann, T.(2012).User experience design and agile development: From theory to practice.Journal of Software Engineering and Applications,5(10),743-751.
13. Everitt, B. S.,Landau, S.,Leese, M.(2001).Cluster analysis.New York, NY:Oxford University Press.
14. Giles, J.(2005).Internet encyclopaedias go head to head.Nature,438,900-901.
15. Halavais, A.,Lackaff, D.(2008).An analysis of topical coverage of Wikipedia.Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication,13(2),429-440.
16. Harman, D. K.,Voorhees, E. M.(2006).TREC: An overview.Annual Review of Information Science and Technology,40(1),113-155.
17. Heilman, J. M.,West, A. G.(2015).Wikipedia and medicine: Quantifying readership, editors, and the significance of natural language.Journal of Medical Internet Research,17(3)
18. Hollingsed, T.,Novick, D. G.(2007).Usability inspection methods after 15 years of research and practice.Proceedings of the 25th Annual ACM International Conference on Design of Communication,New York, NY:
19. Iba, T.,Nemoto, K.,Peters, B.,Gloor, P. A.(2010).Analyzing the creative editing behavior of Wikipedia editors: Through dynamic social network analysis.Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences,2(4),6441-6456.
20. Ingwersen, P.,Järvelin, K.(2006).The turn: Integration of information seeking and retrieval in context.Dordrecht, Netherlands:Springer.
21. International Organization for Standardization. (1998). ISO 9241-11:1998(en). Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) —Part 11: Guidance on usability. Retrieved from https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:9241:-11:ed-1:v1:en
22. Jackson, J. E.(2005).A user’s guide to principal components.Hoboken, NJ:John Wiley & Sons.
23. Jatowt, A.,Kawai, D.,Tanaka, K.(2016).Digital history meets Wikipedia: Analyzing historical persons in Wikipedia.Proceedings of the 16th ACM/IEEE-C Son Joint Conference on Digital Libraries,New York, NY:
24. Jeng, J.(2005).Usability assessment of academic digital libraries: Effectiveness, efficiency, satisfaction, and learnability.Libri,55(2/3),96-121.
25. Joo, S.,Lee, J. Y.(2011).Measuring the usability of academic digital libraries: Instrument development and validation.The Electronic Library,29(4),523-537.
26. Kipp, M. E. I.,Joo, S.,Choi, I.(2013).Classification of online resources using user generated terms.IFLA WLIC 2013 - Singapore - Future Libraries: Infinite Possibilities in Session 112 - Classification and Indexing,Singapore:
27. Kittur, A.,Chi, E. H.,Suh, B.(2009).What’s in Wikipedia? Mapping topics and conflict using socially annotated category structure.Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems,New York, NY:
28. Kräenbring, J.,Penza, T. M.,Gutmann, J.,Muehlich, S.,Zolk, O.,Wojnowski, L.,Sarikas, A.(2014).Accuracy and completeness of drug information in Wikipedia: A comparison with standard textbooks of pharmacology.PLOS ONE,9(9),e106930.
29. Kuhlthau, C. C.(1991).Inside the search process: Information seeking from the user’s perspective.Journal of the American Society for Information Science,42(5),361-371.
30. Kuhlthau, C. C.(1993).Seeking meaning: A process approach to library and information science.Norwood, NJ:Ablex.
31. Lee, J. Y.,Kam, M.(2018).Exploration on possibility of the disciplinary convergence of the user studies and the research in practice.Journal of the Korean Society for Information Management,35(1),129-155.
32. Maimon, O. Z.(Ed.),Rokach, L.(Ed.)(2005).Data mining and knowledge discovery handbook.Heidelberg, Germany:Springer.
33. Medelyan, O.,Milne, D.,Legg, C.,Witten, I. H.(2009).Mining meaning from Wikipedia.International Journal of Human-Computer Studies,67(9),716-754.
34. Mehdi, M.,Okoli, C.,Mesgari, M.,Nielsen, F. Å.,Lanamäki, A.(2017).Excavating the mother lode of human-generated text: A systematic review of research that uses the Wikipedia corpus.Information Processing & Management,53(2),505-529.
35. Milne, D.,Witten, I. H.(2013).An open-source toolkit for mining Wikipedia.Artificial Intelligence,194,222-239.
36. Morse, E. L.(2002).Evaluation methodologies for information management systems.DLib Magazines,8(9)
37. Mühlhauser, I.,Oser, F.(2008).Does WIKIPEDIA provide evidence based health care information? A content analysis.Zeitschrift für Evidenz, Fortbildung und Qualität im Gesundheitswesen,102(7),1-7.
38. Ni, X.,Sun, J. T.,Hu, J.,Chen, Z.(2009).Mining multilingual topics from Wikipedia.Proceeding softhe 18 th International Conference on World Wide Web,New York, NY:
39. Nielsen, J.(1993).Usability engineering.Cambridge, MA:Academic Press.
40. Nielsen, J.(1994).Usability inspection methods.Conference Companion on Human Factors in Computing Systems,New York, NY:
41. Nielsen, L.,Hansen, K. S.,Stage, J.,Billestrup, J.(2015).A template for design personas: Analysis of 47 persona descriptions from Danish industries and organizations.International Journal of Sociotechnology and Knowledge Development,7(1),45-61.
42. O ’Brien, H. L,Toms, E. G.(2013).Examining the generalizability of the User Engagement Scale (UES) in exploratory search.Information Processing & Management,49(5),1092-1107.
43. Rohrer, C. (2014). When to use which user-experience research methods. Retrieved from https://www.nngroup.com/articles/which-ux-research-methods/
44. Skov, M.(2009).Copenhagen, Denmark,Research Programme Information Interaction and Information Architecture, Royal School of Library and Information Science.
45. Vakkari, P.(2000).Relevance and contributing information types of searched documents in task performance.Proceedings of the 23rd Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval,New York, NY:
46. Vakkari, P.(2001).A theory of the task-based information retrieval process: A summary and generalisation of a longitudinal study.Journal of Documentation,57(1),44-60.
47. Vakkari, P.(2000).Cognition and changes of search terms and tactics during task performance: A longitudinal case study.Content-Based Multimedia Information Access,Paris, France:
48. Van Eck, N. J.,Waltman, L.(2011).,未出版
49. Van Eck, N. J.,Waltman, L.(2019).VOSviewer manual.Leiden, Netherlands:Univeristeit Leiden.
50. Vošner, H. B.,Kokol, P.,Bobek, S.,Železnik, D.,Završnik, J.(2016).A bibliometric retrospective of the journal computers in human behavior (1991-2015).Computers in Human Behavior,65,46-58.
51. Wang, Y.(2018).University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee.
52. Wang, Y.,Joo, S.,Lu, K.(2014).Exploring topics in the field of data science by analyzing wikipedia documents : A preliminary result.Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology,51(1),1-4.
53. Wikipedia. (2019). Wikipedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia.
54. Wilkinson, D. M.,Huberman, B. A.(2007).Cooperation and quality in Wikipedia.Proceedings of the 2007 International Symposium on Wikis,New York, NY:
55. Wilson, T. D .(1981).On user studies and information needs.Journal of Documentation,37(1),3-15.
56. Wilson, T. D.(2000).Human information behavior.Informing Science,3(2),49-55.
57. Wilson, T. D.(1999).Models in information behaviour research.Journal of Documentation,55(3),249-270.
58. Xie, I.(2008).Interactive information retrieval in digital environments.Hershey, PA:IGI.
59. Xie, I.,Joo, S.,Bennett-Kapusniak, R.(2017).User involvement and system support in applying search tactics.Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology,68(5),1165-1185.
60. Xu, Q.(2015).Examining user engagement attributes in visual information search.iConference 2015 Create Collaborate Celebrate,Newport Beach, CA:
61. Zhao, Y.,Liu, J.,Tang, J.,Zhu, Q.(2013).Conceptualizing perceived affordances in social media interaction design.Aslib Proceedings,65(3),289-303.