教師組織承諾：概念、發展、類別及其啟示

Teacher Organizational Commitment: Concepts, Process, Categories and Its Implication

10.6423/HHHC.200707.0128

范熾文

交換性組織承諾 ； 態度性組織承諾 ； organizational commitment ； attitude commitment ； exchange commitment

學校行政

50期（2007 / 07 / 01）

128 - 144

繁體中文

本文首先論述教師組識承諾的意義；其次探討教師組識承諾的發展歷程；第三，比較分析教師組識承諾的類別；第四，提出啟示；最後是結語。 教師組識承諾係教師對學校組織所作之承諾，教師基於資源交換與價值規範觀點，對學校組識產生連結現象而在態度與行為上表現出一致的傾向。教師組識承諾類別有兩種：一是交換性組識承諾：以資源交換而言，教師會考量報酬與成本關係來決定是否為組識奉獻心力；二是態度性組識承諾，以態度規範而言，教師對學校的組識目標與價值，有著強烈的認同感，對學校充滿希望與關懷，願意為學校教學或行政工作，付出心力，並且希望在此學校繼續服務，成為組識的一份子。 本文提出幾點啟示供學校領導者參考： 一、激發教師工作態度，建立教育專業倫理 二、善用學校組識資源，滿足教師心理需求 三、增進學校教師連結，擴大教師參與機會 四、運用公平互惠原則，維持教師工作動機

This article is divided into several parts. First is to explore the concepts of organizational commitment. Secondly, it explores process of organizational commitment. Thirdly, it explores categories of organizational commitment. Fourth is its implication to school management. Finally is conclusion. There are two categories of organizational commitment:1. Attitude Commitment: The individual commits to and remains with an organization because of feelings of obligation. 2.Exchange Commitment: The individual commits to the organization because he/she perceives high costs of losing organizational membership. Finally, the implications are provided as follow: 1. Inspire teacher job attitude to build professional ethics.. 2. Use school resource to satisfy teacher needs. 3. Increaseconnection between school and teacher to enlarge participation. 4. Establish fair and mutual favor mechanism to provide reasonable payroll system.

1. Becker, H.S.(1960).№ tes on the concept of commitment.American Journal of Sociology,66,32-42.
2. Buchanan, B.(1974).Building organizational commitment: The socialization of managers in work organizations.Administrative Science Quarterly,19,533-546.
3. Chang, D.(1990).Unpublished Doctoral dissertation, Columbia University.
4. Cheng, Y.C.(1990).The relationship of job attitudes and organizational commitment of different aspects of organizational environment.Paper Present at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association
5. Etzioni, A.(1964).Modern organizations.Englewood Cliffs, N.J.:Prentice-Hall, Inc.
6. Farrell, D.,Rusbult, C.E.(1981).Exchange variables as predictors of job satisfaction, job commitment and turnover: the impact of reward, cost, alternatives and investment.Organizational Behavior and Human Performance,27(28),78-95.
7. Firestone,W.A.,Pennell,J.R.(1993).Teacher commitment, working condition , and differential incentive policies.Review of Educational Research,63(4),484-526.
8. Grusky, O.(1966).Career mobility and organizational commitment.Administrative Science Quarterly,10,488-503.
9. Hrebiniak, L. G.,Alutto, J. A.(1972).Personal and role related factors in the development of organizational commitment.Administrative science quarterly,17(4),555-573.
10. Kanter, R.M.(1968).Commitment and social organization: a study of commitment mechanisms in utopian communities.American Sociological Review,33,499-517.
11. Kushman, J.W.(1990).The role of teacher workplace commitment in school effectiveness: A study of urban elementary and middle school.DAI,51,6A.
12. Kushman, J.W.(1992).The organizational dynamics of teacher workplace commitment: A study of urban elementary and middle school.Educational Administration Quarterly,28(1),5-42.
13. Meyer,J.P.,Allen,N.J.(1997).Commitment in the workplace: theory,research,and application.London:SAGE.
14. Mitchell,T.R.(1979).Organizational behavior.Annual Review Psychology,30,243-281.
15. Morrow, P. C.(1993).The theory and measurement of work commitment.Greenwich, Connecticut:JAI Press Inc.
16. Morrow, P. C.(1983).Concept redundancy in organizational research: the case of work commitment.Academy of Management Review,8(3),486-500.
17. Mowday, R. T.,Steer, R. M.,Porter, L. M.(1979).The measurement of organizational commitment.Journal of Vocational Behavior,14,224-247.
18. Mowday, R.L.,Porter, L.W.,Steers, R.M.(1982).Employee-organization linkages: The psychology of commitment, absenteeism, and turnover.N.Y.:Academic Press.
19. P.Reyes (Ed)(1990).Teachers and their workplace: commitment, performance and productivity.Newbury Park, California:SAGE Publications Ltd.
20. Porter, L. W.,Steers, R. M.,Mowday, R. T.,Boulion, P. V.(1974).Organizational commitment, job satisfaction and turnover among psychiatric technicians.Journal of applied psychology,59,603-609.
21. Purkey, S.C.,Smith, M.S.(1983).Effective school: A review.Elementary School Journal,83,427-452.
22. Quinn, R. F.(1985).The relationship of commitment on the part of lay catholic elementary school principals personal variables.DAI 46/05A.
23. Randall, D.M.(1987).Commitment and organization: The organizational man revisited.Academy of Management Review,12,460-471.
24. Reichers, A. E.(1985).A review and reconceptualization of organizational commitment.Academy of Management Review,10,465-476.
25. Reyes, P.,Pounder, D. G.(1990).Teacher`s commitment, job satisfaction, and school value orientation: A study of public and private schools.Madison:University of Wisconsin.
26. Salancik, G.R.,B. W. Staw,G. R. Salancik (Eds.)(1977).New directions in organizational behavior.Chicago:St Clair.
27. Sheldon, M. E.(1971).Investments and involvements in mechanisms producing commitment to the organization.Administrative Science Quarterly,16,142-150.
28. Soler,C.H.(2000).The relationship of organizational structure and job characteristics to teacher`job satisfaction and commitment.DAI-A 61/06.
29. Staw, B.M.(1981).The escalation of commitment to a course of action.Management Review,6,577-587.
30. Staw,B.M.(1977).Commitment to a policy decision: A multi-theoretical perspective.Administrative Science Quarterly,23,40-64.
31. Steers ,R.M.(1975).Problems in the measurement of organizational effectiveness.Administrative Science Quarterly,20,546-558.
32. Steers, R. M.(1977).Antecedents and outcomes of organization commitment.Administrative science quarterly,22,46-56.
33. Stevens, J. M.,Beyer, J. M.,Trice, H. M.(1978).Assessing personal, role, and organizational predictor of managerial commitment.Academy of Management Journal,21,380-396.
34. Wiener, Y.(1982).Commitment in organization: A normative view.Academy of Management Review,7,418-428.
35. 丁虹(1987)。博士論文(博士論文)。台北，國立政治大學企業管理研究所。
36. 李天賞、杜金璋(1991)。組織承諾的概念與測量。交大管理學報，11(1)，51-74。
37. 李新鄉(1995)。國小教師的專業工作知覺自我概念、學校認同與效學工作投入之研究。八十四學年度師範學院教育學術論文發表會
38. 李新鄉(1993)。博士論文(博士論文)。台北，國立政治大學教育研究所。
39. 林瑞欽(1990)。師範生任教職志之理論與實證研究。高雄:復文。
40. 邱馨儀(1995)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。台北，台北市立師範學院初等教育研究所。
41. 徐善德(1997)。博士論文(博士論文)。台北，國立政治大學教育研究所。
42. 張春興(1989)。張氏心理學辭典。台北:東華。
43. 張春興(1983)。從師大學生求學心態探討教師法「加強師範生專業精神」構想的成效。教育心理學報，16，1-28。
44. 張瑞村(1998)。博士論文(博士論文)。台北，國立政治大學教育研究所。
45. 梁瑞安(1990)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。高雄，國立高雄師範大學教育研究所。
46. 梁瑞安(1996)。博士論文(博士論文)。高雄，國立高雄師範大學教育研究所。
47. 曾南薰(1998)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。嘉義，國立嘉義師院國民教育研究所。
48. 黃秀霜(1986)。台北，國立政治大學教育研究所。
49. 黃國隆(1986)。中學教師的組織承諾與專業承諾。國立政治大學學報，53，55-84。
50. 劉志鵬(1995)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。新竹，國立新竹師範學院初等教育研究所。
51. 劉春榮(1993)。博士論文(博士論文)。台北，國立政治大學教育研究所。
52. 蔡進雄(1993)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。台北，國立台灣師範大學教育研究所。
53. 鄭得臣(1985)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。台北，國立政治大學心理研究所。
54. 鍾任琴(1998)。中小學教師權能之理論建構與實證分析。台北:五南。

1. 吳郁芬(2017)。個人-組織契合度重要嗎？心理資本、工作價值觀對大專教師組織承諾、生涯滿意度影響之研究。淡江大學管理科學學系博士班學位論文。2017。1-282。