華德福學校的三元組織架構及評析

The Critique on the Threefold Organization of Waldorf Schools

10.6423/HHHC.200805.0001

賴志峰(Chih-Feng Lai)

學校领導 ； 華德福學校 ； 同僚模式 ； school leadership ； Waldorf School ； collegial leadership model

學校行政

55期（2008 / 05 / 01）

1 - 14

繁體中文

自1919年第一所華德福学校在德國成立以来，全球已有60個國家，設立950所華德福學校，而其共同的教育理念来自於Rudolf Steiner，也就是「人智學」及「三元社會秩序」。華德福學校發展出特有的三元组織，形成三大支柱，最左邊的支柱爲精神文化，教師會認是最有能力教是師所领導的学習组戳；最右邊的支柱爲經濟，代表學校的工作生活或服務文化，也就是家長领導；中間的支柱代表華德福學校的人際、關係的生活，也就是行政领導，包含家長和教师。基於三元組織的精神，不同發展階段的華德福學校，其组織架構是有所不同的。最後，综合相相關文獻探討，本文提出以下評析：(1)華德福學校的三元組織具有理想的色彩，需要時間的磨合；(2)華德福學校三元組織的運作尚缺乏實證研究，難以精確論斷其成效；(3)華德福學校家長參舆校矜的程度芷不明確，容易產生運作上的衝突；(4)華德福學校以教師團、教师會議爲運作核心，有别於傅统的学校科同層體制；(5)華德福學校组織以自由、平等與博爱爲精神，富有同僚模式的特色。

Since the first Waldorf School was established in 1919, there have been 950 Waldorf Schools in 60 countries around the world. Their education ideas originated from Rudolf Steiner-that is anthroposophy and threefold social order. Since Waldorf Schools have developed characteristic threefold organizations, it formed three pillars. The left pillar is the spiritual culture, including teacher leadership. While the right pillar is the economic culture, parental leadership included. To sum up, the middle pillar is rights and responsibilities, inclusive of administrative leadership. The development phrases of each Waldorf School are diverse organizational structures. The paper offered many critics as the following: First, the threefold organization is full of creativity and takes time into practice. Second, it still lacks of empirical studies toward the operation of threefold organizations. Third, the extent of parents getting involved with school affairs is not so clear. Fourth, the college of teachers and faculty meetings are the operational cores of Waldorf Schools' that are different from traditional school bureaucracies. At last, freedom, equality, and fraternity are the spirits of Waldorf School, which is characterized by collegial models.

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