從學校變革觀點探析學習領導

Investigating Leadership for Learning from the Perspective of School Change

10.3966/160683002017070110001

潘慧玲(HUI-LING WENDY PAN)

學習領導 ； 學習共同體 ； 學校變革 ； leadership for learning ； learning community ； school change

學校行政

110期（2017 / 07 / 16）

1 - 23

繁體中文

人類社會進入二十一世紀，在國際間檢視學生學習成就的評比，以及第四波工業革命興起的脈絡下，學習領導呈現其時代的關鍵意義。尤其此概念在講求權力下放與績效責任的教改環境中，成為學校進行變革與發展的新取徑（approach）。而在本土脈絡中實踐學習領導，學習共同體（learning community）可作為一項具體的操作形式。本文為從學校變革觀點闡釋學習領導，以三部分進行論述。首先鋪陳學習領導在西方的發展；其次分析在將學習領導作為學校變革取徑時，可作為視鏡的理論觀點；最後則說明以學校為基地，如何推動學習領導下的學習共同體。

Entering the 21st century, leadership for learning has its significance in the context of international assessment of student achievement and the fourth revolution of industry. Especially under the trend of decentralization and the pressure of accountability, leadership for learning has become an effective approach of school change. To materialize the concept of leadership for learning, ＂learning community' is used an operational form in the local context. The paper discussed from the perspective of school change covers three parts. First of all, the development of leadership for learning is explored. Secondly, four theoretical perspectives as analytical lens to investigate leadership for learning are introduced. Finally, using the school as a base to implement learning community is analyzed.

1. Dewey, J. (1922). Human nature and conduct: An introduction to social psychology. New York, NY: Henry Holt.
2. Wenger, E. (2012). Communities of practice and social learning systems: The career of a concept. Retrieved from http://wenger-trayner.com/wp-content/ uploads/2012/01/09-10-27-CoPs-and-systems-v2.0.pdf
3. Dewey, J. (1927). The public and its problems. Athens, OH: Swallow Press.
4. (2000).The Jossey- Bass reader on educational leadership.San Francisco, CA:Jossey- Bass.
5. 教育部（2012）。教育部補助辦理教師專業發展評鑑實施要點（修正版）。臺北市： 作者。
6. Hallinger, P. (2010). Accelerating development of a knowledge base for educational leadership and management in East Asia. Keynote speech presented at the Asia Leadership Roundtable 2010, Hong Kong Institute of Education, Hong Kong..
7. Feger, S., & Arruda, E. (2008). Professional learning communities: Key themes from the literature. Retrieved from http://www.annenberginstitute.org/pdf/proflearning.pdf
8. Anderson, P.(1999).Complexity theory and organization science.Organization Science,10(3),216-232.
9. Brophy, J.(1992).Probing the subtleties of subject-matter teaching.Educational Leadership,49(7),4-8.
10. Brown, S.,Eisenhardt, K.(1998).Competing on the edge.Boston, MA:Harvard Business School Press.
11. Bruffee, K. A.(1973).Collaborative learning: Some practical models.College English,34(5),634-643.
12. Coplan, M. P.,Knapp, M. S.(2006).Connecting leadership and learning: A framework for reflection, planning, and action.Alexandria, VA:Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
13. Curtis, D. D.,Lawson, M. J.(2001).Exploring collaborative online learning.Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks,5(1),21-34.
14. Dimmock, C.(2012).Leadership, capacity building and school improvement: Concepts, themes and impact.New York, NY:Routledge.
15. Firestone, W. A.(Ed.),Riehl, C.(Ed.)(2005).A new agenda for research in educational leadership.New York, NY:Teachers College Press.
16. Fontana, W.,Ballati, S.(1999).Complexity.Complexity,4(3),14-16.
17. Fullan, M.(2000).The three stories of education reform.Phi Delta Kappan,81(8),581-584.
18. Fullan, M.,Hargreaves, A.(1992).What's worth fighting for in your school?: Working together for improvement.Buckingham, UK:Open University Press.
19. Furman, G.C.(1998).Postmodernism and community in schools: Unraveling the paradox.Educational Administration Quarterly,34(3),298-328.
20. Gardner, H.(1993).Multiple intelligences: The theory in practice.New York, NY:Basic Books.
21. Hairon, S.,Dimmock, C.(2011).Singapore schools and professional learning communities: Teacher professional development and school leadership in an Asian hierarchical system.Educational Review,64(4),405-424.
22. Hallinger, P.(2011).Leadership for learning: Lessons from 40 years of empirical research.Journal of Educational Administration,49(2),125-142.
23. Harris, H.,Muijs, D.(2005).Improving schools through teacher leadership.Maidenhead, UK:Open University.
24. Huffman, J. B.(Ed.),Hipp, K. K.(Ed.)(2003).Reculturing schools as professional learning communities.Lanham, MD:Scarecrow Education.
25. Illeris, K.(Ed.)(2009).Contemporary theories of learning: Learning theorists...in their own words.London, England:Routledge.
26. Isoda, M.(2011).Problem solving approaches in mathematics education as a product of Japanese lesson study.Journal of Science and Mathematics Education in Southeast Asia,34(1),2-25.
27. Knapp, M. S.,Copland, M. A.,Honig, M. I.,Plecki, M. L.,Portin, B. S.(2010).Learning-focused leadership and leadership support: Meaning and practice in urban systems.Seattle, WA:Center for the Study of Teaching and Policy, University of Washington.
28. Kruse, S.D.,Louis, K.S.(1993).An emerging framework for analyzing school-based professional community.annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association,Atlanta, GA:
29. Lave, J.,Wenger, E.(1991).Situated learning: Legitimate peripheral participation.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
30. Lieberman, A.(1999).Community means more than teamwork.Journal of Staff Development,20(2),1-3.
31. Lingard, B.,Hayes, D.,Mills, M.,Christie, P.(2003).Leading learning.Philadelphia, PA:Open University Press.
32. MacBeath, J.(Ed.),Dempster, N.(Ed.)(2009).Connecting leadership and learning: Principles for practice.London, UK:Routledge.
33. Marsh, J. A.,Pane, J. F.,Hamilton, L. S.(2006).Making sense of data-driven decision making in education.Santa Monica, CA:RAND Corporation.
34. Marsh, S.,Waniganayake, M.,Gibson, I. W.(2014).Scaffolding leadership for learning in school education: Insights from a factor analysis of research conducted in Australian independent schools.Educational Management Administration & Leadership,42(4),474-490.
35. Mitchell, C.,Sackney, L.(2000).Profound improvement: Building capacity for a learning community.New York, NY:Taylor & Francis.
36. Morrison, K.(2010).Complexity theory, school leadership and management: Questions for theory and practice.Educational Management Administration & Leadership,38(3),374-393.
37. Murphy, J.,Elliott, S. N.,Goldring, E.,Porter, A. C.(2007).Leadership for learning: A research-based model and taxonomy of behaviors.School Leadership and Management,27(2),179-201.
38. Ogawa, R.,Bossert, S.(1995).Leadership as an organizational quality.Educational Administration Quarterly,31(2),224-43.
39. Phillips, D.(Ed.)(2000).Constructivism in education.Chicago, IL:University of Chicago Press.
40. Plowman, D. A.,Solansky, S.,Beck, T.,Baker, L.,Mulkarni, M.,Travis, D. V.(2007).The role of leadership in emergent, self-organization.The Leadership Quarterly,18(4),341-356.
41. Pont, B.,Nusche, D.,Moorman, H.(2008).Improving school leadership, Volume 1: Policy and practice.OECD Publishing.
42. Roberts, S. M.,Pruitt, E. Z.(2009).Schools as professional learning communities: Collaborative activities and strategies for professional development.Thousand Oaks, CA:Corwin.
43. Robinson, V.(2011).Student-centered leadership.San Francisco, CA:Jossey-Bass.
44. Robinson, V. M. J.(2007).School leadership and student outcomes: Identifying what works.Winmalee:Australian Council for Educational Leaders.
45. Rosenholtz, S.(1989).Teacher's workplace: The social organization of schools.New York, NY:Longman.
46. Senge, P.(1990).The fifth discipline: The art and practice of the learning organization.New York, NY:Currency Doubleday.
47. Sergiovanni, T. J.(2001).The principalship: A reflective practice perspective.Needham, MA:Allyn and Bacon.
48. Stacey, R.(1996).Strategic management and organization dynamics.London, England:Pitman.
49. Stoll, L.(Ed.),Louis, K. S.(Ed.)(2007).Professional learning communities: Divergence, depth, and dilemmas.Maidenhead, UK:Open University.
50. Trimbur, J.(1989).Consensus and difference in collaborative learning.College English,51(6),602-616.
51. Uhl-Bien, M.,Marion, R.,McKelvey, B.(2007).Complexity leadership theory: Shifting leadership from the industrial age to the knowledge era.The Leadership Quarterly,18(4),298-318.
52. Verdejo, M. F.(1996).Interaction and collaboration in distance learning through computer mediated technologies.Advanced educational technology: Research issues and future technologies,Berlin, DE:
53. Vygotsky, L. S.,Cole, M.(Ed. Trans),John-Steiner, V.(Ed. Trans),Scribner, S.(Ed. Trans),Souberman, E.(Ed. Trans)(1978).Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes.Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press.
54. Weick, K. E.(1976).Educational organizations as loosely coupled systems.Administrative Science Quarterly,21(1),1-19.
55. 李日章譯、Geiger, G. R.(2004)。杜威：科學的人文主義哲學家。臺北市:康德。
56. 教育部(2004)。普通高級中學課程暫行綱要。臺北市:作者。
57. 教育部(2001)。國民中小學九年一貫課程暫行綱要。臺北市:作者。
58. 陳成宏(2007)。複雜理論對教育組織變革的解釋和啟示。教育研究與發展期刊，3(3)，197-217。
59. 黃郁倫譯、鍾啟泉譯、佐藤學(2012)。學習的革命：從教室出發的改革。臺北市:親子天下。
60. 潘慧玲(2015)。學習領導概念的發展。教育行政與教育發展―黃昆輝教授祝壽論文集，臺北市:
61. 潘慧玲編(2002)。學校革新：理念與實踐。臺北市:學富。
62. 潘慧玲、吳俊憲、張素貞、鄭淑惠、陳文彥(2015)。教師專業發展評鑑的田野經驗。臺北市:高等教育。
63. 潘慧玲、李麗君、黃淑馨、余霖、薛雅慈(2016)。學習領導下的學習共同體1.2版。新北市:學習領導與學習共同體計畫辦公室。
64. 潘慧玲、李麗君、黃淑馨、余霖、薛雅慈(2014)。學習領導下的學習共同體1.1版。新北市:學習領導與學習共同體計畫辦公室。
65. 潘慧玲、陳佩英、張素貞、鄭淑惠、陳文彥(2014)。從學習領導論析學習共同體的概念與實踐。市北教育學刊，45，1-28。
66. 潘慧玲、黃淑馨、李麗君、余霖、劉秀嫚、薛雅慈(2015)。學習領導下的學習共 同體進階手冊2.0版。新北市:學習領導與學習共同體計畫辦公室。
67. 鍾啟泉譯、佐藤學(2010)。學校的挑戰：創建學習共同體。上海市:華東師範大學。
68. 鍾啟泉譯、佐藤學(2004)。學習的快樂：走向對話。北京市:教育科學。

1. 潘慧玲(Hui-Ling Wendy Pan);洪瑞璇(Jui-Hsuan Hung)(2022)。校長在學習領導踐行中的資本運用與建構：以推動學習共同體為例。教育科學研究期刊。67(1)。159-191。 
2. 陳玉娟(Yu-Chuan Chen)(2021)。學校管理模式與學生偏差行為關係之研究：以教師教學投入與教學支援為中介變項。教育科學研究期刊。66(3)。1-30。