哀兵必勝：學校行政人員使用防禦性悲觀策略之探討

A Study of School Administrators' Use of Defensive Pessimism Strategies

10.3966/160683002017090111005

陳成宏(Cheng-Hung Chen)

防禦性悲觀 ； 焦點團體 ； 學校行政人員 ； defensive pessimism ； focus group ； school administrator

學校行政

111期（2017 / 09 / 16）

83 - 106

繁體中文

本研究採取質性的焦點團體方法，由研究者訪談八位立意取樣的學校組長和主任，進而深入探討其使用防禦性悲觀策略的原因和型態。根據實徵資料分析的結果，學校行政人員使用防禦性悲觀策略的原因包括，「自我個性」、「自我保護」、「自我激勵」與「自我信仰」。學校行政人員使用防禦性悲觀策略的型態計有，「以退為進，以守為攻」、「最壞的打算，最好的準備」、「懷抱希望，展現韌性」、「容忍負面情緒，設定明確目標」。根據研究發現，本研究提出歸結與相關啟示供理論和實務參考。

Applying a qualitative focus group methodology, this study interviewed eight school administrators who were selected purposefully to investigate why and how they employ the defensive pessimism strategy. According to the empirical results, the causes of school administrators' use of defensive pessimism strategy are ＂self-character,＂ ＂self-protection,＂ ＂self-motivation,＂ and ＂self-religion.＂ In addition, the patterns of school administrators' use of defensive pessimism strategy include ＂take retreat as advance, take defense as offense,＂ ＂hope for the best, prepare for the worst,＂ ＂embrace the hope, demonstrate the resilience,＂ and ＂tolerate the negative emotion, establish the clear goal.＂ Based on the research findings, this study proposed several conclusions and implications for the theoretical as well as practical references.

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