身體運動在Switch體感遊戲中所傳達的玩家體驗

The Player Experience Conveyed by the Body Movement in the Switch Somatosensory Games

林大偉(Ta-Wei Lin)

身體運動 ； 遊戲控制器 ； 玩家體驗 ； Switch體感遊戲 ； Body Movement ； Game Controller ； Player Experience ； Somatosensory Games

設計學報

26卷4期（2021 / 12 / 01）

1 - 24

繁體中文

玩家在遊戲過程中的身體運動，可能來自於遊戲控制器的互動特性？或者，也可能是遊戲任務使然？本研究企圖辨識其中的差異，嘗試解釋身體運動的「量」所可能傳達玩家體驗的「質」。據此，本研究以Switch平台為基礎，提出「控制方案」和「遊戲類型」二項自變數，並建構一項用來檢驗玩家體驗的類實驗。其中，「控制方案」共有自然映射和抽象映射二個水準，分別以體感控制器和手柄為代表；「遊戲類型」共有冒險、格鬥、賽車和射擊四個水準，分別以四款可同時提供體感和基本玩法的Switch遊戲為代表。24位受測者參與實驗，以拉丁方格分配依序經歷由二項自變數所交乘的八個情境，屬於組內設計。受測者參與單一情境的身體運動以天花板上的相機記錄，其運動軌跡以圖素為單位轉換成「運動率」，被視為客觀依變數。受測者在單一情境之後以自陳報告回報五項主觀感受，包括緊張感、享受感、流暢感、掌控感和舒適感，前三者與沈浸感有關，後二者與互動性有關，被視為主觀依變數。結果發現：（a）控制方案和遊戲類型均顯著影響運動率，並有交互作用；（b）與沈浸感有關的緊張感、享受感和流暢感，受到遊戲類型的顯著影響；（c）與互動性有關的掌控感和舒適感，受到控制方案或遊戲類型的顯著影響，但無交互作用；（d）以整體來看，運動率對於緊張感的統計解釋力達3.1%；（e）以控制方案來看，運動率在手柄模式對於緊張感的統計解釋力可達8.8%；而在體感模式對於享受感的統計解釋力達5.4%；（f）以遊戲類型來看，運動率在神臂鬥士和漆彈二款遊戲未能解釋五項主觀感受；在奧德賽對於掌控感的統計解釋力可達10.2%；在賽車對於緊張感和掌控感的統計解釋力分別可達16.4%和8.0%。綜上所述，運動率可以根據控制方案或遊戲類型之屬性而預測玩家體驗的特定項目，可被視為具潛力的內隱測量依據。

Whether the body movement during the game process comes from the interactive features of game controller, or game tasks? The study suggests two independent variables: ＂controlling approaches＂ and ＂game genres＂. The ＂controlling approaches＂ have two levels: the natural mapping and abstract mapping, represented by the somatosensory controller and the gamepad, respectively. For the ＂game genres,＂ the four levels consist of adventure, fighting, racing, and shooting, represented by four different switch games which may be played in somatosensory manner or gamepad. 24 subjects participated the experiment, and were allocated to eight scenarios cross-multiplied by the two independent variables, as a within-subject design. The body movement tracks recorded by the camera on the ceiling when each subject participating each scenario, were converted to the ＂motion rate,＂ deemed as the objective dependent variable. After scenario, the subjects report the five subjective feelings with self-reports, including: Tension, enjoyment, smoothness, control, and comfort. It is found that (a) both ＂controlling approaches＂ and ＂game genres＂ influence the motion rate significantly, with an interaction; (b) tension, enjoyment, and smoothness that relate to the immersion, are significantly influenced by ＂game genres＂; (c) control and comfort that relate to the interaction, are significantly influenced by ＂controlling approaches＂ or ＂game genres＂, without any interaction; (d) as a whole, the statistic predictive power of the motion rate to the tension reaches 3.1%; (e) from the view of ＂controlling approaches＂, the motion rate's statistic predictive power to the tension under the gamepad mode is 8.8%, and under the somatosensory mode is 5.4% to the enjoyment; (f) from the view of ＂game genres＂, the motion rates of ＂ARMS＂ and ＂Splatoon 2＂ are unable to explain the five subjective feelings; the motion rate of ＂Super Mario Odyssey＂ has the statistic predictive power of 10.2% to control, and the motion rate of ＂Super Marion Kart 8＂ has the statistic predictive power of 16.4% and 8.0% to tension and control, respectively. In nutshell, the motion rate may predict a specific item of the player experience based on the properties of ＂controlling approaches＂ or ＂game genres＂, and is deemed a potential basis of the implicit measurement.

1. Agarwal, R.,Karahanna, E.(2000).Time flies when you’re having fun: Cognitive absorption and beliefs about information technology usage.MIS Quarterly,24(4),665-694.
2. Alankuş, G.,Eren, A. A.(2014).Enhancing gamepad FPS controls with tilt-driven sensitivity adjustment.Proceedings of EURASIA GRAPHICS 2014,Ankara:
3. Ardito, C.,Buono, P.,Costabile, M. F.,Lanzilotti, R.,Simeone, A. L.(2009).Comparing low cost input devices for interacting with 3D Virtual Environments.Proceedings of 2nd Conference on Human System Interactions,Piscataway, NJ:
4. Bianchi-Berthouze, N.(2013).Understanding the role of body movement in player engagement.Human-Computer Interaction,28(1),40-75.
5. Bianchi-Berthouze, N.,Kim, W. W.,Patel, D.(2007).Does body movement engage you more in digital game play? and why?.Proceedings of International Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction,Berlin:
6. Bowey, J. T.,Birk, M. V.,Mandryk, R. L.(2015).Manipulating leaderboards to induce player experience.Proceedings of the 2015 Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play,New York, NY:
7. Bowman, N. D.,Pietschmann, D.,Liebold, B.(2017).The golden (hands) rule: Exploring user experiences with gamepad and natural-user interfaces in popular video games.Journal of Gaming & Virtual Worlds,9(1),71-85.
8. Cairns, P.,Li, J.,Wang, W.,Nordin, A. I.(2014).The influence of controllers on immersion in mobile games.Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems,New York, NY:
9. Csikszentmihalyi, M.(1975).Beyond boredom and anxiety: The experience of play in work and games.San Francisco, CA:Jossey-Bass.
10. Cummings, A. H.(2007).The evolution of game controllers and control schemes and their effect on their games.The 17th Annual University of Southampton Multimedia Systems Conference,Southampton:
11. Dörner, R.(Ed.),Göbel, S.(Ed.),Effelsberg, W.(Ed.),Wiemeyer, J.(Ed.)(2016).Serious games.Cham, Switzerland:Springer.
12. Gerling, K. M.,Klauser, M.,Niesenhaus, J.(2011).Measuring the impact of game controllers on player experience in FPS games.Proceedings of the 15th International Academic MindTrek Conference: Envisioning Future Media Environments,New York, NY:
13. Gilbertson, P.,Coulton, P.,Chehimi, F.,Vajk, T.(2008).Using “tilt” as an interface to control “no-button” 3-D mobile games.Computers in Entertainment,6(3),1-13.
14. Hoshi, K.,Pesola, U. M.,Waterworth, E. L.,Waterworth, J. A.(2009).Tools, perspectives and avatars in blended reality space.Annual Review of Cybertherapy and Telemedicine,7,91-95.
15. IJsselsteijn, W.,de Kort, Y.,Poels, K.(2013).The game experience questionnaire.Eindhoven:Technische Universiteit Eindhoven.
16. IJsselsteijn, W.,van den Hoogen, W.,Klimmt, C.,de Kort, Y.,Lindley, C.,Mathiak, K.,Poels, K.,Ravaja, N.,Turpeinen, M.,Vorderer, P.(2008).Measuring the experience of digital game enjoyment.Proceedings of Measuring Behavior,Wageningen:
17. Kleinsmith, A.,Bianchi-Berthouze, N.(2013).Affective body expression perception and recognition: A survey.IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing,4(1),15-33.
18. Klochek, C.,MacKenzie, I. S.(2006).Performance measures of game controllers in a three-dimensional environment.Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2006,Toronto:
19. Liebold, B.,Bowman, N. D.,Pietschmann, D.(2020).Natural in the eyes of the (be) holder: A survey on novelty and learning effects in the enjoyment of naturally mapped video game controllers.Psychology of Popular Media Culture,9(2),255-265.
20. Lin, J. H.(2015)."Just Dance": The effects of exergame feedback and controller use on physical activity and psychological outcomes.Games for Health Journal,4(3),183-189.
21. McArthur, V.,Castellucci, S. J.,MacKenzie, I. S.(2009).An empirical comparison of "wiimote" gun attachments for pointing tasks.Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGCHI Symposium on Engineering Interactive Computing Systems,New York, NY:
22. McMahan, R. P.,Bowman, D. A.,Zielinski, D. J.,Brady, R. B.(2012).Evaluating display fidelity and interaction fidelity in a virtual reality game.IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics,18(4),626-633.
23. Nacke, L.(2009).From playability to a hierarchical game usability model.Proceedings of the 2009 Conference on Future Play on@ GDC Canada,New York, NY:
24. Nacke, L.,Drachen, A.(2011).Towards a framework of player experience research.Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Evaluating Player Experience in Games at FDG,Bordeaux:
25. Nacke, L.,Drachen, A.,Kuikkaniemi, K.,Niesenhaus, J.,Korhonen, H.,van den Hoogen, W.,Poels, K.,IJsselsteijn, W.,de Kort, Y.(2009).Playability and player experience research.Proceedings of DiGRA 2009: Breaking New Ground: Innovation in Games, Play, Practice and Theory,England, London:
26. Nacke, L.,Lindley, C.(2008).Boredom, immersion, flow: A pilot study investigating player experience.Proceedings of the IADIS International Conference on Game and Entertainment Technologies,Amsterdam:
27. Natapov, D.,MacKenzie, I. S.(2010).Gameplay evaluation of the trackball controller.Proceedings of the International Academic Conference on the Future of Game Design and Technology,New York, NY:
28. Pedersen, C.,Togelius, J.,Yannakakis, G. N.(2010).Modeling player experience for content creation.IEEE Transactions on Computational Intelligence and AI in Games,2(1),54-67.
29. Sánchez, J.,Zea, N.,Gutiérrez, F.(2009).From usability to playability: Introduction to player-centred video game development process.International Conference on Human Centered Design,Berlin, Germany:
30. Schubert, T.,Friedmann, F.,Regenbrecht, H.(1999).Embodied presence in virtual environments.Visual representations and interpretations,London, England:
31. Siddiqui, S.,Turley, D.(2006).Extending the self in a virtual world.Advances in Consumer Research,33,647-648.
32. Skalski, P.,Tamborini, R.,Shelton, A.,Buncher, M.,Lindmark, P.(2011).Mapping the road to fun: Natural video game controllers, presence, and game enjoyment.New Media & Society,13(2),224-242.
33. Stappers, P. J.,Flach, J. M.,Voorhorst, F. A.(1999).Critical ratios as behavioural indices of presence.Second International Workshop on Presence,Colchester:
34. Steuer, J.(1992).Defining virtual reality: Dimensions determining telepresence.Journal of Communication,42(4),73-93.
35. Teather, R. J.,MacKenzie, I. S.(2014).Position vs. velocity control for tilt-based interaction.Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2014,Toronto:
36. Toktaş, A. O.,Serif, T.(2019).Evaluation of crosshair-aided gyroscope gamepad controller.Proceedings of International Conference on Mobile Web and Intelligent Information Systems,Cham:
37. Vanden Abeele, V. V.,Spiel, K.,Nacke, L.,Johnson, D.,Gerling, K.(2020).Development and validation of the player experience inventory: A scale to measure player experiences at the level of functional and psychosocial consequences.International Journal of Human-Computer Studies,135,102370.
38. Visi, F.,Faasch, F.(2018).Motion controllers, sound, and music in video games: State of the art and research perspectives.Emotion in video game sound tracking,Cham:
39. Vorderer, P.(Ed.),Bryant, J.(Ed.)(2006).Playing video games: Motives, responses, and consequences.London:Routledge.
40. Wallbott, H. G.(1998).Bodily expression of emotion.European Journal of Social Psychology,28(6),879-896.
41. Waterworth, E. L.,Waterworth, J. A.(2001).Focus, locus, and sensus: The three dimensions of virtual experience.CyberPsychology & Behavior,4(2),203-213.
42. Wirth, W.,Hartmann, T.,Böcking, S.,Vorderer, P.,Klimmt, C.,Schramm, H.,Sarri, T.,Laarni, J.,Ravaja, N.,Gouveia, F. R.,Biocca, F.,Sacau, A.,Jäncke, L.,Baumgartner, T.,Jäncke, P.(2007).A process model of the formation of spatial presence experiences.Media Psychology,9(3),493-525.
43. Yang, W.,Rifqi, M.,Marsala, C.,Pinna, A.(2018).Towards better understanding of player’s game experience.Proceedings of the 2018 ACM on International Conference on Multimedia Retrieval,New York, NY:
44. Zaranek, A.,Ramoul, B.,Yu, H. F.,Yao, Y.,Teather, R. J.(2014).Performance of modern gaming input devices in first-person shooter target acquisition.CHI’14 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems,New York, NY:
45. Zhang, C.,Lakens, D.,IJsselsteijn, W. A.(2015).The illusion of nonmediation in telecommunication: Voice intensity biases distance judgments to a communication partner.Acta Psychologica,157,101-105.
46. Zheng, L.,Wang, Q.(2014).Analysis and research on somatosensory controller.2014 International Conference on Mechatronics, Control and Electronic Engineering (MCE-14),Paris: