「事物星系」作為探索未來智慧群體互動設計

Exploring Constellation of Everyday Things to Envision Future Collaboration of Smart Things

鄭宇婷(Yu-Ting Cheng)；梁容輝(Rung-Huei Liang)；陳玲鈴(Lin-Lin Chen)

設計場域研究方法 ； 群體互動關係 ； 智慧化設計 ； 事物星系 ； 事物中心 ； 物誌學 ； 物聯網 ； Design Ethnography ； Constructive Design Research ； Thing-centered Design ； Thing Ethnography ； Internet of Things

設計學報

27卷4期（2022 / 12 / 01）

45 - 68

繁體中文;英文

目前多數的物聯網設計只是將產品網路化，還無法與產品創造出多元合作的智慧能力，替人們的生活提供新的應用與價值。人機互動學者相繼反思，提出物聯網設計欠缺「群體互動」之系統性思維，並呼籲設計師需要重新理解日常產品在生活脈絡中所展現出的互動模式，進而找出智慧化與物聯網之設計切入點，然而，要從過於熟悉的日常裡獲得群體互動設計靈感是一項挑戰。本研究秉持「透過設計做研究」精神，實際開發工具、執行場域研究並反思過程，提出一套設計研究方法－事物星系，從非人觀點讓研究者重新探索居家日常產品的互動關係，以星系隱喻作分析，詮釋群體星星（產品）的互動模式，藉此啟發設計師與相關學者探索未來智慧群體之設計方向。

Internet of Things [IoT] is a vision that every object can be connected and work as a group to create new experiences in people's living. However, many existing IoT products are just designed as internet-enabled products that are remotely controlled through the cloud. Design researchers critically reflect that IoT designers are limited by the traditional single product design perspective, and lack of systematic perspective in seeing IoT as a design for collaboration of things. They recalled IoT designers to revisit the everyday practice in identifying ways to design intelligences into the existing products and exploring design inspirations for collaboration of things. This work proposes Thing Constellation, a novel approach to investigating the collaboration of everyday products and exploring the possible design patterns for future intelligent design. This work contributes ways of understanding relationships among people and objects that would be difficult to elicit through traditional observations.

1. 李婉貞,梁容輝, R. H.(2020)。「事物中心」設計之推測潛能：透過物本體視野的互動研究。設計學報，25(1)，63-85。
   連結：
2. Ashton, K.(2009).That "internet of things" thing.RFID Journal,22(7),97-114.
3. Atzori, L.,Iera, A.,Morabito, G.(2017).Understanding the internet of things: Definition, potentials, and societal role of a fast evolving paradigm.Ad Hoc Networks,56,122-140.
4. Atzori, L.,Iera, A.,Morabito, G.(2010).The internet of things: A survey.Computer Network,54(15),2787-2805.
5. Bardzell, J.,Bardzell, S.(2016).Humanistic HCI.Interactions,23(2),20-29.
6. Bardzell, J.,Bardzell, S.(2015).Humanistic HCI.Synthesis Lectures on Human-Centered Informatics,8(4),1-185.
7. Barthel, R.,Leder Mackley, K.,De Jode, M.,Hudson-Smith, A.,Karpovich, A.,Speed, C.(2013).An internet of ‘old’ things as an augmented memory system.Personal and Ubiquitous Computing,17,321-333.
8. Bogost, I.(2012).Alien phenomenology: Or what it’s like to be a thing.Minneapolis, MN:University of Minnesota Press.
9. Buckley, J.(2006).The internet of things: From RFID to the next-generation pervasive networked systems.New York, NY:Auerbach Publications.
10. Chang, W. W.,Giaccardi, E.,Chen, L. L.,Liang, R. H.(2017)."Interview with things": A first-thing perspective to understand the scooter's everyday socio-material network in taiwan.Proceedings of the 2017 Conference on Designing Interactive Systems,New York, NY.:
11. Cheng, Y. T.,Funk, M.,Tsai, W. C.,Chen, L. L.(2019).Peekaboo Cam: Designing an Observational Camera for Home Ecologies Concerning Privacy.Proceedings of the 2019 on Designing Interactive Systems Conference,New York, NY:
12. Cheng, Y. T.,Huang, Y. C. J.(2021).When People Vanish: A Study to Investigate How Human Presence Changes the Scenario Speculation.Companion Publication of the 2021 Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing,New York, NY, USA:
13. Christopher, F.(1994).Research in Art and Design.Royal College of Art Research Papers,1(1),1-9.
14. Christopher, F.(2019).Entanglement HCI the next wave.ACM Transaction On Computer-Human Interaction,27(1),2.
15. Cila, N.,Giaccardi, E.,Caldwell, M.,Rubens, N.(2015).Listening to an everyday kettle: How can the data objects collect be usedful for design research?.Proceedings of the 4th Participatory Innovation Conference,New York, NY:
16. Coulton, P.,Lindley, J. G.(2019).More-than human centred design: Considering other things.The Design Journal,22(4),463-481.
17. Crabtree, A.,Tolmie, P.(2016).A day in the life of things in the home.Proceedings of the 19th ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing,New York, NY:
18. Cross, N.(1982).Designerly ways of knowing.Design Studies,3(4),221-227.
19. Csikszentmihalyi, M.,Halton, E.(1981).The meaning of things: Domestic symbols and the self.Cambridge, England:Cambridge University Press.
20. Desjardins, A.,Biggs, H. R.,Key, C.,Viny, J. E.(2020).IoT data in the home: Observing entanglements and drawing new encounters.Proceedings of the 2020 CHI conference on human factors in computing systems,New York, NY:
21. Desjardins, A.,Wakkary, R.,Odom, W.(2016).Behind the lens: A visual exploration of epistemological commitments in HCI research on the home.Proceedings of the 2016 ACM Conference on Designing Interactive Systems,New York, NY:
22. Dupêcher, N. (2017). Eugène Atget (French, 1857-1927). MoMA. Retrieved from https://www.moma.org/artists/229
23. Frauenberger, C.(2019).Entanglement HCI The next wave?.ACM Transactions on Computer.-Human Interaction,27(2),1-27.
24. Funk, M.,Chen, L. L.,Yang, S. W.,Chen, Y. K.(2018).Addressing the need to capture scenarios, intentions and preferences: Interactive intentional programming in the smart home.International Journal of Design,12(1),53-66.
25. Gaunt, K. (2015). Bots: Collaborative AI for the smart home. Retrieved from: https://designawards.core77.com/Speculative-Concept/46009/Bots-Collaborative-AI-for-the-Smart-Home
26. Giaccardi, E.,Cila, N.,Speed, C.,Caldwell, M.(2016).Thing ethnography: Doing design research with non-humans.Proceedings of the 2016 ACM Conference on Designing Interactive Systems,New York, NY:
27. Giaccardi, E.,Redström, J.(2020).Technology and more-than-human design.Design Issues,36(4),33-44.
28. Haung, Y. C.,Cheng, Y. T.,Liang, R. H.,Hsu, J. Y. J.,Chen, L. L.(2021).Thing Constellation Visualizer: Exploring Emergent Relationships of Everyday Objects.Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction,5(CSCW2),1-29.
29. Koskinen, I.,Zimmerman, J.,Binder, B.,Redstrom, J.,Wensveen, S.(2011).Design research through practice: From the lab, field, and showroom.Burlington, MA:Morgan Kaufmann.
30. Laurel, B.(2006).Designed Animism.Proceedings of the Companion to the 21st ACM SIGPLAN symposium on Object-oriented programming systems, languages, and applications (OOPSLA '06),New York, NY:
31. Lindley, J.,Coulton, P.,Cooper, R.(2017).Why the internet of things needs object orientated ontology.The Design Journal,20(1),2846-2857.
32. Lindley, J.,Gradinar, A.,Coulton, P.(2020).Ghosts in the smart home.Proceedings of the Companion Publication of the 2020 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference,New York, NY:
33. Magnusson, J. (2013). Object vs. things. Retrieved from https://philosophiesresarc.wordpress.com/2013/03/11/objects-vs-things/
34. Marenko, B.(2014).Neo-animism and design: A new paradigm in object theory.Design and Culture,6(2),219-241.
35. Michelis, G. D.(2014).What design tells us about objects and things.Design and Culture,6(2),187-202.
36. Murray-Rust, D.,Gorkovenko, K.,Burnett, D.,Richards, D.(2019).Entangled ethnography: Towards a collective future understanding.Proceedings of the Halfway to the Future Symposium,New York, NY:
37. Nansen, B.,Ryn, L. V.,Robertson, T.,Brereton, M.,Dourish, P.(2014).An internet of social things.Proceedings of the 26th Australian Computer-Human Interaction Conference on Designing Futures: the Future of Design,New York, NY:
38. Nicenboim, I.,Giaccardi, E.,Schouwenaar, M.(2018).Everyday entanglements of the connected home.Proceedings of the Extended Abstracts of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems,New York, NY:
39. Nielsen, L.(Ed.)(2013).The encyclopedia of human-computer interaction.Aarhus, Denmark:Interaction Design Foundation.
40. O'Sullivann, D.,Igoe, T. T.(2004).Physical computing - Sensing & controlling the physical world with computers.Boston, MA:Course Technology Press.
41. Pierce, J.(2019).Smart home security cameras and shifting lines of creepiness: A design-led inquiry.Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems,New York, NY:
42. Rebaudengo, S. (2012). Addicted products. Retrieved from: http://www.simonerebaudengo.com/project/addictedproducts
43. Redström, J.(2017).Making design theory.London:MIT Press.
44. Rittel, H.,Webber, M.(1973).Dilemmas in a general theory of planning.Policy Sciences,4,155-169.
45. Rose, D.(2015).Enchanted objects: Innovation, design, and the future of technology.New York, NY:Scribner.
46. Rozendaal, M. C.,Boon, B.,Kaptelinin, V.(2019).Objects with intent: Designing everyday things as collaborative partners.ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction,26(4),33.
47. Schön, D. A.(1984).The reflective practitioner: How professionals think in action.Aldershot:Avebury Ashgate.
48. Sterling, B.(2005).Shaping things.Cambridge, MA:The MIT Press.
49. Sundmaeker, H.,Guillemin, P.,Friess, P.,Woelffl. S.(2010).Vision and challenges for realizing the internet of things.Brussels:European Commission.
50. Verbeek, P. P.(2005).What things do: Philosophical reflections on technology, agency, and design.University Park, PA:Penn State University Press.
51. Wakkary, R.,Oogjes, D.,Hauser, S.,Lin, H. W. J.,Cao, C.,Ma, L.,Duel, T.(2017).Morse things: A design inquiry into the gap between things and us.Proceedings of the 2017 Conference on Designing Interactive Systems,New York, NY:
52. Wakkary, R.,Oogjes, D.,Lin, H. W. J.,Hauser, S.(2018).Philosophers living with the tilting bowl.Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems,New York, NY:
53. Williams, K.,Pulivarthy, R.,Hudson, S. E.,Hammer, J.(2020).The upcycled home: Removing barriers to lightweight modification of the home's everyday objects.Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems,New York, NY:
54. Wiltse, H.(Ed.)(2020).Relating to things: Design, technology and the artificial.London:Bloomsbury Visual Arts.
55. Yan, L.,Zhang, Y.,Yang, L. T.,Ning, H.(2019).The internet of things: From RFID to the next-generation pervasive networked systems (wireless networks and mobile communications).New York, NY:Auerbach Publications.
56. Ylirisku, S.,Halttunen, V.,Nuojua, J.,Juustila, A.(2009).Framing design in the third paradigm.Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems,New York, NY:
57. Zimmerman, J.,Forlizzi, J.,Evenson, S.(2007).Research through design as a method for interaction design research in HCI.Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems,New York, NY.: