美國金融隱私權保護法制之發展

10.6985/TBFQ.200603.0071

王志誠

隱私權 ； 金融管制 ； 保護法制

台灣金融財務季刊

7卷1期（2006 / 03 / 01）

71 - 90

繁體中文

美國並未統一制定全面適用之「隱私權保護法」，而是隨著社會經濟之各個發展階段，建構出各種分散錯落之隱私權保護法制。其中，金融隱私權保護法制之發展，更展現出美國金融市場之變化及特色。近年來，美國鑒於國際洗錢、金融詐欺及恐怖攻擊事件頻傳，為調和金融隱私權保護與國家利益，先後在「知悉客戶規則」提案、「金融服務業現代化法」、「愛國者法」及「公平正確信用交易法」中，積極調整其金融隱私權之保護政策。本文首先介紹美國隱私權之憲法基礎，再分別依法律制定之先後，介紹聯邦立法保護金融隱私權之現況及內容，以掌握美國金融隱私權保護法制之發展軌跡。其次，則從法制發展及實務狀況，整理美國與歐盟所簽訂安全港協定之主要內容，並歸納出美國金融隱私權保護法制之特點。

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