台灣銀行業分行網絡之發展

The Evolution of Bank Branch Networks in Taiwan

10.6985/TBFQ.200712.0095

陳曉蓉(Hsiao-Jung Chen)

分行網絡 ； 銀行績效 ； 裁撤 ； 擴張 ； 購併 ； branch network ； bank performance ； divestiture ； expansion ； merger and acquisition

台灣金融財務季刊

8卷4期（2007 / 12 / 01）

95 - 119

繁體中文

本文主要是藉由銀行個別資料來調查本國銀行業國內分行網之演變，並比較不同分行網絡規模銀行之分行活動策略及說明銀行分行網絡規模與其營運績效之關聯。結果顯示：台灣本國銀行業分行總數雖逐年成長，但其幅度有明顯變小，同時國內分行網絡規模也從「小型分行網絡銀行（擁有11-50家分行）」轉型至「中大型分行網絡銀行（擁有超過50家分行）」。分行網規模在10家以內的銀行，其分行活動近年多以「裁撤」為主，小型分行網絡銀行則是「裁撤與擴張」並重，中大型分行網絡銀行反而多傾向「擴張」，且以據點新設為其主要方式，唯中型分行網絡銀行較其他網絡規模銀行來得保守，其分行活動較偏好在熟悉區域內進行。當控制銀行特性、市場特性與分行網絡特性對銀行經營績效之影響後，發現分行網絡規模僅會對每分行定期存款額與資產報酬率造成顯著影響，對於其他方面之經營績效並無任何顯著作用。此時，小型分行網絡銀行雖然有較高的每分行國內總存款與儲蓄存款額，但其資金成本也相對提昇，致使其在權益報酬率與資產品質方面明顯惡化。此外，都會區存放款競爭程度之提昇與每千人擁有分行數越多，亦可刺激存放業績與獲利能力的改善。

This paper examines recent changes of Taiwan domestic bank branch networks and explores the approaches to branching adopted by these banks. It also assesses the implications of these developments by examining a series of branch performance measures and asking how these measures vary, on average, across institutions with different branch network sizes. The results show that the number of branches kept growing over the past decade, but the magnitude of growth rate decreased. Meanwhile, bank branch networks transformed from small-sized networks (11 to 50 branches) into large and midsized networks (more than 50 branches) over the past decade. The banks with less than 10 branches tended to divest their existing branches between 1999 and 2005 while the banks with small-sized networks emphasized both divestiture and expansion during this period. If these banks expanded, they would acquire new branches through mergers and purchase. On the contrary, the banks with more than 50 branches would aggressively seek expansion by establishing new branches. Most of the banks chose to adjust their branch holdings in non-overlapping markets except for the banks with midsized branch networks. As we control for the bank-, market- and branch network-specific factors, the results of cross-sectional regressions present that branch network size only makes impact on time deposits per branch and accounting-based return on assets (ROA). In particular, the banks with small-sized networks apparently have higher deposits per branch and saving deposits per branch, but their net deposit costs are so high that they deteriorate return on equity and asset quality. Furthermore, increasing the competition of deposits and loans in the metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) and adding the branches per thousand people at the MSA level can bring more business and improve the profitability.

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