知識擷取與知識表達協同程序於建構本體的概念架構

Applying Knowledge Acquisition and Knowledge Representation Synergy to Construct Ontology Conceptual Structures

10.6382/JIM.200604.0193

戚玉樑(Yu-Liang Chi)

本體 ； 知識擷取 ； 知識表達 ； 正規概念分析法 ； 描述邏輯 ； Ontology ； Knowledge Acquisition ； Knowledge Representation ； Formal Concept Analysis ； and Description Logic

資訊管理學報

13卷2期（2006 / 04 / 01）

193 - 215

繁體中文

以本體(Ontology)為基礎的知識庫建置中，開發者須將領域內的認知轉換為系統可處理的本體概念架構，其過程通常概分為知識擷取及知識表達等兩階段，知識擷取的方式若過於武斷則易形成不具共識的概念，而轉換為系統用的概念架構時，也須面臨階層確認及表達方式的轉置。本研究以目前常用的正規概念分析法（應用於知識擷取）及描述邏輯（應用於知識表達）為基礎，探討兩者的使用、問題及不協調處，並分別提出修正作業，另外也提出如何發展未知概念的探索方法。本研究提供一個應用修正方法所建立的本體範例，其結果顯示：修正後的方法是以先收集抽象及客觀的形成因素為主，具體及主觀的概念命名為最終步驟，因此本體概念的形成較符合認知的發展程序。

This study proposes an ontology building process for extracting conceptual structures and representing conceptual contents. Though humans have been developing ontologies for many years, building a well defined ontology of an interested domain is extremely ad-hoc. The objectives of this study include: (1) Revising FCA operations to elicit knowledge based on collecting cognition, deriving explicit and implicit concept, and finally naming concept tags; (2). Constructing conceptual hierarchies according to least common subsumer approach and representing conceptual contents by description language. The empirical feedback indicates that proposed approach provides suitable elicitation processes of knowledge acquisition and representation during ontology building. Additionally, this approach is especially useful for ontology developers who lack reference models of a working domain.

1. Baader, F. (eds),Calvanese, D. (eds),McGuinness, D. (eds),Nardi, D. (eds),Parel-Schneider, P. (eds)(2003).The description logic handbook.Cambridge, UK:Cambridge University Press.
2. Baader, F.,ertkaya, B.(2004).Applying formal concept analysis to description logics.Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence,2691,261-286.
3. Baader, F.,Kusters, R.(1998).Least common subsumer computation wrt cyclic ALN-terminologies.Proc. of the Intl. Workshop on Description Logics.
4. Chandrasekaran, B.,Josephson, J.R.,Benjamins, V.R.(1999).What are ontologies, and why do we need them.IEEE Intelligent Systems,14(1),20-26.
5. Cimiano, P.,Hotho, A.,Stumme, G.,Tane, J.(2004).Conceptual knowledge processing with formal concept analysis and ontologies.Lecture Notes in Computer Science,2961,189-207.
6. Cohen, W.W.,Hirsh, H.(1994).The Learnablity of Description Logics with Equality Constraints.Machine Learning,17(2),169-199.
7. Compton, P.,Jansen, R.(1990).A philosophical basis for knowledge acquisition.Knowledge Acquisition,2(3),241-258.
8. Decker, S.,Melnik, S.,Harmelen, F.V.,Fensel, D.,Klein, M.,Broekstra, J.,Erdmann, M.,Horrocks, I.(2000).The semantic Web: The roles of XML and RDF.Internet Computing,7(4),63-74.
9. Devanbu, P.T.,Jones, M.A.(1997).The use of description logics in KBSE systems.ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology,6(2),141-172.
10. Dieter, F.,Horrocks, I.,Harmelen, F.V.,McGuinness, D.,Patel-Schneider, P.F.(2001).OIL: Ontology Infrastructure to Enable the Semantic Web.IEEE Intelligent System,16(2),38-45.
11. DoAaz-Agudo, B.,GonzaAlez-Calero, P.A.(2001).Formal concept analysis as a support technique for CBR.Knowledge-Based Systems,14(3-4),163-171.
12. Donini, F.M,Lenzerini, M.,Nardi, D.,Schaerf, A.,G. Brewka (ed)(1996).Foundation of Knowledge Representation.Chicago:CSLI.
13. Feigenbaum, E.A.(1977).The art of artificial intelligence: Themes and case studies of knowledge engineering.Proc. of 5th Intl. Joint Conf. on Artificial Intelligence
14. Fensel, D.,van Harmelen, F.,Horrocks, I.,McGuinness, D.L.,Patel-Schneider, P.F.(2001).OIL: An ontology infrastructure for the semantic Web.IEEE Intelligent Systems,16(2),38-45.
15. Ganter, B.(1991).Finding all closed sets: A general approach.Order,8(3),283-290.
16. Ganter, B.,Wille, R.(1997).Formal concept analysis: mathematical foundations.New York:Springer-Verlag.
17. Gruber, T.R.(1993).A translation approach to portable ontologies.Knowledge Acquisition,5(2),199-220.
18. Gruber, T.R.(1995).Towards principles for the design of ontologies used for knowledge sharing.Intl. Journal of Human-Computer Studies,43(5-6),907-928.
19. Gruninger, M.,Atefi, K.,Fox, M.S.(2000).Ontologies to support process integration in enterprise engineering.Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory,6(4),381-394.
20. Horrocks, I.,Patel-Schneider, P.F.,Harmelen, F.V.(2003).From SHIQ and RDF to OWL: the making of a Web Ontology Language.Web Semantics: Science, Services and Agents on the World Wide Web,1(1),7-26.
21. Jacob, E.K.(2004).Classification and categorization: a difference that makes a difference.Library Trends,52(3),515-540.
22. Jiang G.,Ogasawara, K.,Endoh, A.,Sakurai, T.(2003).Context-based ontology building support in clinical domains using formal concept analysis.Journal of Medical Informatics,71(1),71-81.
23. Kim, H.M.,Fox, M.S.,Gruninger, M.(1999).An ontology for quality management-enabling quality problem identification and tracing.BT Technology Journal,17(4),131-140.
24. Knublauch, H.,Dameron O.,Musen, M.A.(2004).Weaving the biomedical semantic Web with the Protege OWL plugin.Proc. 1st Intl. Workshop on Formal Biomedical Knowledge Representation.
25. Kralingen, B.W.,Visser, P.R.S.,Bench-Capon, T.J.M.,Herik, H.J.(1999).A principled approach to developing legal knowledge systems.Intl. Journal of Human-Computer Studies,51(6),1127-1154.
26. Lin, J.,Fox, M.S.,Bilgic, T.(1996).A requirement ontology for engineering design.Concurrent Engineering: Research and Applications,4(4),279-291.
27. Lopez de Vergara, J.E.,Villagra, V.A.,Berrocal, J.(2004).Applying the Web Ontology Language to management information definitions.IEEE Communication magazine,42(7),68-74.
28. McGuinness, D.L.,Fikes, R.,Hendler, J.,Stein, L.A.(2002).DAML+OIL: an ontology language for the semantic Web.IEEE Intelligent Systems,17(5),72-80.
29. Minsky, M.,Winston, P.J. (ed)(1975).The psychology of computer visions.New York:McGraw-Hill.
30. Noy, N.F.,McGuinness, D.L.(2001).Stanford Knowledge Systems Laboratory Technical Report KSL-01-05Stanford Knowledge Systems Laboratory Technical Report KSL-01-05,未出版
31. Richards, D.,Compton, P.(1998).Taking up the situated cognition challenge with ripple down rules.Intl Journal of Human Computer Studies,49(6),895-926.
32. Richards, D.,Simoff, S.J.(2001).Design ontology in context-A situated cognition approach to conceptual modeling.Artificial Intelligence in Engineering,15(3),121-136.
33. Storey, V.C.,Dey, D.,Ullrich, H.,Sundaresan, S.(1998).An ontology-based expert system for database design.Data & Knowledge Engineering,28(1),31-46.
34. Stumme, G.,Madche, A.(2001).FCA-Merge: Bottom-up merging of ontologies.The 7th Intl. Conf. on Artificial Intelligence
35. Sugumaran, V.,Storey, V.C.(2002).Ontologies for conceptual modeling: their creation, use, and management.Data & Knowledge Engineering,42(3),251-271.
36. Uschold, M.,Grueninger, M.(1996).Ontologies: principles, methods and applications.Knowledge Engineering Review,11(2),93-155.
37. van der Vet, P.E.,Mars, N. J.(1998).Bottom-up construction of ontologies.IEEE Transaction on Knowledge and Data Engineering,10(4),513-526.
38. Vogt, F.,Wille, R.(1994).TOSCANA-A graphical tool for analyzing and exploring data.Lecture Notes in Computer Science,894,226-233.
39. Walczak, S.(1998).Knowledge acquisition and knowledge representation with class: The object-oriented paradigm.Expert Systems with Applications,15(3-4),235-244.
40. Welty, C.,Guarino, N.(1996).Supporting ontological analysis of taxonomic relationships.Data & Knowledge Engineering,39(1),51-74.
41. Wille, R.(1992).Concept lattices and conceptual knowledge system.Computers and Mathematics with Application,23(6-9),493-515.

1. 陳彥均、戚玉樑(2009)。發展具有解析使用者認知能力的專家系統於提升資訊查詢效能。資訊管理學報，16(1)，1-24。