台北縣兩所國中學生性教育相關生活技能現況調查及影響因素初探

Life Skills Related to Sexuality Education and Their Correlations of Two Middle School Students in Taipei County

10.6784/FJS.200709.0067

黃久美(Chiu-Mieh Huang)；彭湘庭(Hsiang-Ting Peng)；晏涵文(Han-Wen Yen)；郭鐘隆(Jong-Long Guo)

性教育 ； 生活技能 ； 量表建立 ； 家庭功能 ； sexuality education ； life skills ； instrument development ； family function

台灣性學學刊

13卷2期（2007 / 09 / 01）

67 - 82

繁體中文

以往的性教育，雖經常討論到生活技能之概念與技能學習，卻缺乏有系統之調查。依據世界衛生組織定義，生活技能是讓個體具有適應、積極的行爲，並且能有效處理日常生活中各種需求與挑戰的能力。本研究目的爲發展一個評估國民中學學生性教育相關生活技能的問卷，並以中型樣本測試此問卷之信效度，以瞭解影響學生生活技能得分之社會人口學變項。 調查對象是台北縣某兩所國民中學七年級學生，每校抽取四班，共計八班270人，由於研究團隊人員在回收問卷過程中逐題檢視，故無與效問卷被剔除，有效問卷爲100%。 本問卷整體信度爲0.96，認知、情緒和人際技能也分別高達0.85、0.87和0.93，信度堪稱優良。因素分析顯示三個分量表也僅各抽出一個因素，專家效度CVI爲0.90，建構效度與表面效度尚可接受。學生自我報告顯示，人際技能、認知和情緒技能都有中上水準，但以情緒技能最低。女生、學業成就較高、母親社經地位較高和家庭功能無障礙者，其生活技能得分顯著高於相對的同儕。其中以家庭功能和學業成就爲最顯著的二個預測因子，但在人際技能得分方面，學生體位也是一個顯著的預測因子。 本研究顯示學校行政人員和教師應多加關注家庭功能有障礙、學業成就落後之學生，以增強其生活技能。建議未來研究可以應用本量表於評估學生性教育相關生活技能與作爲性教育計畫成效評量工具。

The concept and skill learning of life skills have been discussed frequently among educators; however, there is still scanty of systematic survey related to this issue. According to the definition of the WHO, life skills are abilities for adaptive and positive behaviors that enable individuals to deal effectively with the demands and challenges for everyday life. Learning of life skill concepts and skills are emphasized in sexuality education and a validate instrument for measuring life skills are needed. The purpose of this study is to develop and evaluate an instrument of sexuality education related to life skills for middle school students and to understand the predictive factors of life skills. Research subjects are the seventh grade students from two middle schools in Taipei county, four classes in each school. A total of 270 students participated in the study. An internal consistence of the instrument is 0.96. Internal consistence of three subscales are 0.85 for cognitive skill, 0.87 for emotional skill, and 0.93 for interpersonal skill respectively. The results of factor analyses indicate one factor for each of the three subscales, Expert validity is accepted at .90 based on CVI. Female, academic performance, mother's socio-economic status and family function are significant predictors of the students' self-report life skill scores. In addition, body mass index is a significant predictor of the student's self-report scores on interpersonal skills. The result indicates that students with family dysfuction and low academic performance may be at risk of poor life skills related to sexuality education. Further study is needed for applying the instrument to evaluate students' life skills related to sexuality education or effectiveness of sexuality educational programs.

1. Ahmed, N.,Flisher, A.,Mathews, C.,Jansen, S.,Mukoma, W.,Schaalma, H.(2006).Process evaluation of the teacher training for an AIDS prevention programme.Health education research,21(5),621-632.
2. Amato, P. R.,Cohiltree, G.(1986).Children becoming independent: an investigation of children's performance of practical life-skills.Australian journal of psychology,38(1),59-68.
3. Aras, S.,Semin, S.,Gunay, T.,Orcin, E.,Ozan, S.(2007).Sexual Attitudes and Risk-Taking Behaviors of High School Students in Turkey.Journal of School Health,77(7)
4. Basen-Engquist, K.,Coyle, K. K.,Parcel, G. S.,Kirby, D.,Banspach, S. W.,Carvajal, S. C.(2001).Schoolwide Effects of a Multicomponent HIV, STD, and Pregnancy Prevention Program for High School Students.Health Education & Behavior,28(2),166.
5. Coleman, L. M.,Ford, N. J.(1996).An extensive literature review of the evaluation of HIV prevention programmes.Health Education Research,11(3),327.
6. Coyle, K.K.,Kirby, D.B.,Robin, L.E.,Banspach, S.W.,Baumler, E.,Glassman, J.R.(2006).ALL4YOU! A randomized trial of an HIV, other STDs, and pregnancy prevention intervention for alternative school students.AIDS Education and Prevention,18(3),187.
7. Deffenbacher, J. L.,Oetting, E. R.,Huff, M. E.,Thwaites, G. A.(1995).Fifteen-month follow-up of social skills and cognitive-relaxation approaches to general Anger reduction.Journal of counseling psychology,42(3),400-405.
8. Evans, R. I.,Rozelle, R. M.,Mittelmark, M. B.,Hansen, W. B.,Bane, A. L.,Havis, J.(1978).Deterring the onset of smoking in children: Knowledge of immediate physiological effects and coping with peer pressure, media pressure, and parent modeling.Journal of Applied Social Psychology,8(2),126-135.
9. Fomeris, T.,Danish, S. J.,Scott, D. L.(2007).Setting goals, solving problems, and seeking social support: developing adolescents' abilities through a life skills program.Adolescence,42(465),103-114.
10. Franklin, C.,Corcoran, J.(2000).Preventing Adolescent Pregnancy: A Review of Programs and Practices.Social Work,45(1),40-52.
11. Gadeyne, E.,Ghesquiere, P.,Onghena, P.(2004).Longitudinal relations between parenting and child adjustment in young children.Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology,33(2),347-358.
12. Gilbert J. B.,Griffin, K.W.(2004).Life Skills Training: Empirical Findings and Future Directions.Journal of Primary Prevention,25(2),211.
13. Hahn, E. J.,Noland, M. P.,Rayens, M. K.,,Christie, D. M.(2002).Efficacy of training and fidelity of implementation of the Life Skills Training Program.Journal of School Health,72(7),282-287.
14. Hanewinkel, R.,Ashauer, M.(2004).Fifteen-month follow-up results of a school-based life-skills approach to smoking prevention.Health Education Research,19(2),125-137.
15. James, S.,Reddy, P.,Ruiter, R. A.,McCauley, A.,van den Borne, B.(2006).The Impact of an HIV and AIDS Life Skills Program on Secondary School Students in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.AIDS education and prevention,18(4),281-294.
16. Kirby, D.B.(2006).Comprehensive sex education: strong public support and persuasive evidence of impact, but little funding.Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine,160(11),1182.
17. Kirby, D.B.(2002).Effective approaches to reducing adolescent unprotected sex, pregnancy, and childbearing.The Journal of Sex Research,39(1),51.
18. Landman, J. T.(1980).Measuring Life Skills of Adolescents: Tests for Everyday Living (TEL).Measurement and Evaluation in Guidance,13(2),95-106.
19. Larsson, M.,Eurenius, K.,Westerling, R.,Tyden, T.(2006).Evaluation of a sexual education intervention among Swedish high school students.Scandinavian Journal of Public Health,34(2),124-131.
20. Mangrulkar, L.,Vince Whitman, C.,Posner, M.(2001).Life skills approach to child and adolescent healthy human development.Washington, D.C.:Pan American Health Organisation.
21. Neitzel, C.,Stright, A. D.(2003).Mothers' scaffolding of children's problem solving: Establishing a foundation of academic self-regulatory competence.Journal of Family Psychology,17(1),147-159.
22. Rivers, L. S.(1979).The child's first educator: Maternal characteristics related to early educational environments.U Nebraska:Lincoln, 1..
23. Seifert, A. C.(2007).Unpublished doctoral dissertation, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte.
24. Shek, D. T.(1997).The relation of family functioning to adolescent psychological well-being, school adjustment, and problem behavior.Journal of Genetic Psychology,158(4),467-479.
25. Smith, E. A.,Swisher, J. D.,Vicary, J. R.,Bechtel, L. J.,Minner, D.,Henry, K. L.(2004).Evaluation of Life Skills Training and Infused-Life Skills Training in a Rural Setting: Outcomes at Two Years.Journal of Alchohol and Drug Education
26. St.Lawrence, J. S.,Jefferson, K. W.,Alleyne, E.,Brasfield, T. L.(1995).Comparison of education versus behavioral skills training interventions in lowering sexual HIV-risk behavior of substance-dependent adolescents.Journal of consulting and clinical psychology,63(1),154-157.
27. Vuttanont, U.,Greenhalgh, T.,Griffin, M.,Boynton, P.(2006)."Smart boys" and "sweet girls"-sex education needs in Thai teenagers: a mixed-method study.The Lancet,368(9552),2068-2080.
28. WHO(1999).Partners in Life Skills Education: Conclusions from a United Nations Inter-Agency Meeting.
29. WHO(2006).Skills for Health-Skills-based health education including life skills: An important component of a Child-Friendly/Health-Promoting SchoolSkills for Health-Skills-based health education including life skills: An important component of a Child-Friendly/Health-Promoting School,未出版
30. Wong, W. C. W.,Lee, A.,Kwong, K. A. T.,Lynn, H.(2006).The impact of AIDS/sex education by schools or family doctors on Hong Kong Chinese adolescentsThe impact of AIDS/sex education by schools or family doctors on Hong Kong Chinese adolescents,未出版
31. Zollinger, T. W.,Saywell, R. M.,Muegge, C. M.,Wooldridge, J. S.,Cummings, S. F.,Caine, V. A.(2003).Impact of the life skills training curriculum on middle school students tobacco use in Marion County, Indiana, 1997-2000.J Sch Health,73(9),338-346.
32. 吳明隆、徐金堂(2004)。SPSS與統計分析。台北市:五南。
33. 李淑儀(1996)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。台北市，國立臺灣師範大學衛生教育研究所。
34. 沈淑華、邱淑鴛、蔡美智、莊玉嬪(2002)。雲林縣國中學生性教育效果評價研究。健康促進衛生教育雜誌，12，103-111。
35. 沈滿華、張玉婷、羅淑芬(2004)。原漢國中生性知識、態度、行爲及性教育需求之探討。慈濟醫學雜誌，16(5)，325-334。
36. 林季玲(2003)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。台北市，國立臺灣師範大學衛生教育研究所。
37. 林惠生(2001)。台灣地區高中、高職及五專在校學生之性知識、性態度及危害與網路之使用。台灣性教育協會第五屆第二次年度大會暨學術研討會論文集
38. 杏陵基金會
39. 性福快遞，杏陵基金會
40. 晏涵文、李蘭、林燕卿、秦玉梅(1994)。國中性教育效果研究。中華公共衛生雜誌，13(6)，506-515。
41. 莊志明(1995)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。台北市，國立政治大學教育研究所。

1. 江承曉(2008)。以同儕輔導團體介入活動對提昇大學生情緒管理生活技能之成效研究。健康促進與衛生教育學報，29，1-26。
2. 劉潔心,黃煒翔,陳慧玲(2022)。生活技能健康教學策略提升教保服務人員視力保健教學能力之介入研究。台灣公共衛生雜誌，41(5)，512-523。
3. 劉潔心、馮嘉玉、晏涵文、李思賢(2009)。臺灣國小、國中、高中職學校性教育成果調查研究。臺灣性學學刊，15(2)，65-80。
4. 魏慧美、鄭景芸、吳和堂(2013)。性教育方案對國小學生性態度影響之研究。高雄師大學報：教育與社會科學類，34，21-42。