题名 |
司馬光易學思想蠡測 |
并列篇名 |
The Yijing Studies of Sima Guang |
DOI |
10.6420/DHJHS.200807.0067 |
作者 |
林素芬(Su-Fen Lin) |
关键词 |
司馬光 ; 易說 ; 潛虛 ; 王弼 ; 義出於數 ; Sima Guang Yishuo ; Qianxu ; Wang Bi ; number and form |
期刊名称 |
東華人文學報 |
卷期/出版年月 |
13期(2008 / 07 / 01) |
页次 |
67 - 110 |
内容语文 |
繁體中文 |
中文摘要 |
本文旨在探討司馬光易學思想的創見,其與北宋易學思潮的關係,及其在易學史上的位置等等。首先考察了《易說》、《潛虛》二書的版本真偽問題,確認此二書是重現司馬光易學思想的重要根據。其次,闡論司馬光易學的特色,在反省王弼的玄理易學,而採取兼重象數與義理,重新以儒家義理充實易學,自成一家之言,其成果可以說是介於主義理與主象數兩大易學潮流之間。司馬光藉由「氣」論打破王弼的「貴無」詮釋觀點,將王弼「無」、「有」的體用、本末關係,轉為從「無」到「有」的生化關係,「無」是有形之前的混一元氣,稱為「太極」。而「太極」又是「一」,即「至理」、「中」,是氣能運化生成、生生不息之理。因此司馬光易學思想之型態,近於周敦頤、張載等,屬於宇宙論與本體論混雜的型態。又,王弼重義輕象,司馬光則主張象數為義理之本,並構造出一套新的象數系統,將天道與人道,自然規律與政治社會倫理結合起來,合理化人道倫理與天道規律的關係。其質實的易學思想,充滿以人道類比於天道的教化理念,在北宋易學史上,有其價值。 |
英文摘要 |
This paper discusses the original contribution of Sima Guang's two works on the Yijing, their relationship with trends of Yijing studies in the Northern Song, and their position in the history of Yijing studies in general. I first discuss the editions and the veracity of the Yishuo and the Qianxu, affirming that these do represent basic aspects of Sima's thought on the Yijing. Accordingly, I discuss some of the aspects of Sima's thought as represented in these two books, showing that Sima is rebutting the Xuenxue tradition of Yijing studies derived from Wang Bi, and reaffirming the importance of the school of number and form symbolism (shu-xiang). Sima thus establishes his own school of interpretation based on Confucian principles, bridging the traditional dichotomy between interpretations based on moral principles and those based on number and form symbolism. Sima uses his theory of the action of qi to counter the focus of Wang Bi on emptiness (wu) by taking the relationship of the substance-function (ti-yong) dyad with the essence-actualization (ben-mo) dyad within the context of emptiness and presence (you), reconsidering this relationship in the context of birth and transformation (sheng-hua). In this sense, emptiness is the primal, inchoate qi (hun yi yuan qi) that is a productive force referred to as the great ultimate (tai-ji). Moreover, the great ultimate can also be considered as unity (yi), the ultimate principle (zhi-li) or centrality (zhong); it is thus the qi that can give rise to the principle of movement and completion (yun hua sheng cheng) or of continual production (sheng sheng bu xi).In this way, Sima Guang's Yijing theory is similar to that of Zhou Dunyi or Zhang Zai, a mixture of cosmology and ontology. In contrast to Wang Bi's emphasis on principles and slighting of form symbolism, Sima considers number and form symbolism as the foundation of moral principles in his interpretation of the Yijing. As a result, he constructs a new system of number and form symbolism, one that combines the way of Heaven (tian dao) and the way of Man (ren dao), the laws of nature and construction of society and government. This makes the relationship between the way of Heaven and the way of Man more natural. The resulting Yijing theory is permeated with analogies of the transformation of the way of Man and the way of Heaven into numerical concepts. In the history of Northern Song Yijing studies, Sima's thought should occupy a prominent place. |
主题分类 |
人文學 >
人文學綜合 |
参考文献 |
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被引用次数 |