民初美國廣益公司與裕中公司對中國公共工程的投資－企業、政府與外交關係的考察

Enterprise, Government and Diplomacy: American International Corporation and Siems-Carey Company Invest Upon the Engineering Works in Early Republic China

10.6420/DHJHS.200901.0161

吳翎君(Lin-Chun Wu)

中美關係 ； 中美經貿關係 ； 美國在華投資 ； 美國在華企業 ； Sino-American relations ； Sino-American economic relations ； America's investment in China ； American enterprise in China

東華人文學報

14期（2009 / 01 / 01）

161 - 193

繁體中文

十九、二十世紀之交，美國工礦企業界對於中國的實業發展，有相當高的投資興趣，例如修築鐵路、開礦、架設電報線以及港口擴建的投資等等。這些實業投資多肇始於清末，而於民國建立之初有更大的投資熱潮。 民國初年美國對中國實業發展的投資，牽動各國對華市場的投資競爭，且又與中國內部政經情勢息息相關。本文探討民國初年由美國廣益公司(American International Corporation)和裕中公司(Siems-Carey Co.)所參與的兩個大型公共工程：一、導淮與整治運河計劃。二、一千五百英哩鐵路計劃。這兩個投資案中，其一為具有人道主義精神的投資案，其二為牽涉鐵路工程龐大利益之投資案，兩者性質略有不同，然在中國的最後下場並無二致。本文擬藉由個案交涉之探討，分析民初美國企業在中國投資所面臨的政治、外交與經濟之特殊問題。

In the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, American Industrial entrepreneurs took great interest in China's Industrialization. They invested in the works of buliding railways, driving minerals, erecting telegraph and improving the harbors. These industrial investments had begun since the end of Ch'ing Dynasty and reached higher development in the Republic China. American invested in the Republic China's industrialization would coincide with the international competition in China's market, and had the close relationship with China's indigenous political and economic situations. This article indicates two American Corporations, American International Corporation and Siems-Carey Company which negotiated with Peking Government upon two engineering works. One is the project for improvement of Huai River and Grand Canal, which have the spirit of Humanitarian capitalism, and another one have the great profits for building 1,500 mile railroad. However, both cases would fail in the end. By analyzing the two cases, the author illuminates how the American investment involved in problem of politics and foreign affairs during the period of warlord China.

1. (1969).Making the Open Door Work: Paul Reinsch in China, 1913-1919.Pacific Review,38(5),152-175.
2. Charles Vevier(1955).A Study of Finance and Diplomacy.New Brunswick, N. J.:Rutgers University Press.
3. Harry N. Scheiber(1969).World War I as Entrepreneurial Opportunity: Willard Straight and the American International Corporation.Political Science Quarterly,84,486-511.
4. Henry W. Berger(1972).Warren Austin in China, 1916-1917.Vermont History,40(1),250.
5. John V. A. MacMurray(1921).Treaties and Agreements with and concerning China, 1894-1919.New York:Oxford University Press.
6. Karen Lynn Brewer(1983).Case Western Reserve University.
7. Quian Jian(2006)。Harnessing the Huai River planned by Zhang Jian and the American Red Cross。張謇與近代中國社會：第四屆張謇國際學術研討會論文集
8. Walter LaFever(1992).The Cambridge History of American Foreign Relations, Vol. II, The American Search for Opportunity, 1865-1913.Cambridge University Press.
9. Warren Austin(1917).The American International Corporation.The Far Eastern Review,13,370-371.
10. Warren I. Cohen(1990).American's Response to China-A History of Sino-American Relations.New York:Columbia University Press.
11. 王綱領(1982)。民初列強對華貸款之聯合控制。臺北:私立東吳大學中國學術著作獎助委員會。
12. 吳心伯(1997)。金元外交與列強在中國。上海:復旦大學出版社。
13. 吳翎君(2001)。美孚石油公司在中國(1870-1933)。臺北:稻鄉出版社。
14. 吳翎君、金光耀、王建朗主編(2006)。北洋時期的中國外交。上海:復旦大學出版社。
15. 汪熙、吳心伯(1990)。司戴德與美國對華金元外交。復旦學報（社會科學版），6，90-97。
16. 汪熙、吳心伯(1991)。司戴德與美國對華金元外交。復旦學報（社會科學版），1，80-85。
17. 宓汝成(1980)。帝國主義與中國鐵路，1847-1949。上海:上海人民出版社。
18. 宓汝成編(2002)。中國民國鐵路史資料，1912-1949。北京:社會科學文獻出版社。
19. 芮恩施著、李抱宏譯、盛震溯譯(1982)。一個美國外交官使華記。北京:商務印書館。
20. 威羅貝原著、王紹坊譯(1957)。外人在華特權和利益。北京:三聯書店。
21. 威羅貝（原著）,王紹坊（譯）(1927).Foreign Rights and Interests in China.Baltimore:John Hopkins Press.
22. 胡光麃(1983)。影響中國現代化的一百洋客。臺北:傳記文學出版社。

1. 吳翎君(2011)。民初美國企業對黃河鐵橋和南方大港的投資─企業、政府與外交關係的考察。臺大歷史學報，47，61-106。