题名 |
略論以風格爲詩歌辨僞依據的有效度問題 |
并列篇名 |
On the Validity of Regarding the Style as a Proof of Identifying Fake Poetry |
DOI |
10.6420/DHJHS.200907.0001 |
作者 |
劉漢初(Hon-Chor Lau) |
关键词 |
風格 ; 文學史 ; 辨偽 ; 蘇軾 ; 沁園春 ; style ; the history of literature ; to identify fakes ; Su Shih ; Qin Yuan Chun |
期刊名称 |
東華人文學報 |
卷期/出版年月 |
15期(2009 / 07 / 01) |
页次 |
1 - 23 |
内容语文 |
繁體中文 |
中文摘要 |
我們閱讀任何一家中國文學發展史,常常會看到這樣一種情況,有些在歷史發展上具有關鍵地位的作品,在作者的歸屬和創作時間的認定上出現一些疑問,必須加以辨明真偽,確定年代,文學史才可以得到比較精準的論述。有些這一類的考訂,因為有堅實的文獻證據,辨明的結果最為可信。但也有為數不少的作品,沒有文獻資料足以為證,或者雖有卻證據力不夠充份,這個時候,學者通常採取一種比較的方法,以某些文學現象立為座標,再取有待辨明之作品的某些形式或內涵,相互參照,藉以推定作品的真偽與年代。而作為座標之用的這個東西,往往就是所謂「時代風氣」或「作家風格」。然而,無論時代風氣還是作家風格,其內容本來十分抽象,作為規範意義的指標其實有著許多不能確定的歧路,問題可說十分複雜。本文即針對作品(或作者)風格這個範圍,透過一些例證,探討其中種種關竅,試圖為以風格為辨偽依據這個古老的方法指出一些應當注意的律則。本文並注意到,蘇軾〈沁園春〉(孤館燈青)一詞在《東坡樂府》中地位特殊,它是蘇軾豪放詞中最早出現的長調。金人元好問首先指出這詞是偽作,但此後一千多年直到如今,似乎沒有一人贊成元氏的看法。我們細察他所持的理由,主要是從詞的內容風格上論定東坡決不會發此孟浪之言,這雖是元氏個人主觀之見,但如果以東坡一貫的政治操守、性情偏向、語言態度等等作者之內在條件,以及可能是作此詞的當日之外在處境與作者心境,去從新省察這個問題,元氏之說似乎也有幾分道理,不宜當作純粹的主觀加以否定。只是這個道理卻被歷來愛護東坡的學者有意無意間忽視了,或者用比元氏更主觀的方式去否定其說。而且,這一個例子正可針對以風格論作為辨偽依據提出發人深省的思考。 |
英文摘要 |
When reading the developmental history of Chinese literature, we often face a problem about those crucial literary works in the history. No matter by whom they were written, the authors of these works and the time when they were composed are hard to be distinguished. Before we are able to make more accurate discourses on the history of literature, we must identify whether these pieces are authentic and confirm their ages. It is common to base the investigations into textual identification on documentary evidence; however, due to lack or insufficiency of the documents, much identification is not convincing. When this uncertainty occurs, literary scholars usually adopt a comparative study: they set up certain literary phenomena as coordinates and then compare the form or the style of these ambiguous works with the reference coordinates. These set coordinates often signify so-called ”the atmosphere of the age” or ”the style of the writer”. However, being the indices of norms, they are often so abstract and indefinite that they become very complicated and problematic. Therefore, this paper will focus on the scope of style of works (or of the writer) and try to establish some criteria for the traditional stylistic identification by researching several examples and proofs to explore the key issue. Also, this paper will reveal that Su Shih's (蘇軾) lyric of ”Qin Yuan Chun” (沁園春) (an isolated house with a blue light 孤館燈青) has a special position in Tung Po Yueh Fu (東坡樂府). The lyric is the earliest long lyric one among Su Shih's bold lyrics. Yuan Hao-wen (元好問) in Jin Dynasty was the first critic who pointed out that this lyric is a fake. Notwithstanding, it seems that no one agrees with him hitherto. Judging the style of this lyric, Yuan believed that Tung Po would have never written this sort of rash words. Although this is Yuan's personal subjective opinion, it may be plausible if we re-examine this issue in respect of the possible outer situation, the likely mental state at that day when Tung Po wrote this lyric, and his characteristics such as his consistent political virtue, tendency of temperament, linguistic attitude, etc. Nevertheless, scholars who cherish Tung Po very much have ignored the reason intentionally or unintentionally all along, or they rebutted Yuan's criticism in a more subjective way than Yuan's. In short, this instance is a good example for people to deeply think about regarding stylistics as a proof of identifying fakes. |
主题分类 |
人文學 >
人文學綜合 |
参考文献 |
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