“幼兒創造力測驗”之發展

The Development of "the Preschoolers' Creativity Test"

10.7108/PT.200606.0129

葉玉珠(Yu-Chu Yeh)；李梅齡(Me-Lin Li)；葉玉環(Yu-Huan Yeh)；林志哲(Chih-Che Lin)；彭月茵(Yueh-Yin Peng)

幼兒 ； 創造力 ； 測驗 ； 常模 ； Preschooler ； creativity ； test ； norm

測驗學刊

53卷1期（2006 / 06 / 01）

129 - 153

繁體中文

本研究的主要目的為發展「幼兒創造力測驗」，並建立四歲至六歲幼兒的分數常模。本研究以12所幼稚園的467名幼兒為樣本。研究中所使用的「幼兒創造力測驗」包含數字聯想及情境問題解決二分測驗；數字聯想的評分指標為新奇性，情境評量的評分指標為有用性。 研究發現，「幼兒創造力測驗」具有良好的再測信度與評分者信度。本研究以 年齡、氣質、情緒調節、創作性戲劇教學以及多元智慧的統整層分數作為效標，發現這些變項與「幼兒創造力測驗」的總分均有顯著相關，顯示「幼兒創造力測驗」具有良好的效標關聯效度。此外，男女幼兒在創造力總分的表現上均沒有差異；但年齡愈大的幼兒，其創造力的表現愈好。總之，本研究所發展的「幼兒創造力測驗」符合目前創造力評量的共識與趨勢，且能突破幼兒創造力測驗的傳統，同時測量「新奇性」與「有用性」，是一份具有良好信度與效度的幼兒創造力測驗。

The purposes of this study were to develop The Preschoolers' Creativity Test as well as to establish its scoring norm for 4-to 6-year-old children. Four hundred and sixty-seven children sampled from 12 kindergartens participated in this study. The main instrument employed was The Preschoolers' Creativity Test; it included 2 subtests: Number Association and Situation-based Problem Solving. The abilities evaluated by these two subtests were novelty and usefulness. The findings in this study suggest that The Preschoolers' Creativity Test has good test-retest reliability and inter-rater reliability. Moreover, we found that there were significant correlations between age, temperament, emotion regulation, creative drama instruction, the integrated level of multiple intelligences and creativity, suggesting that The Preschoolers' Creativity Test has good criterion-related validity. We also found that the girls and the boys did not perform differently in creativity; however, their performance in creativity improved as their ages increased. To sum up, the creativity test developed in this study matches the consensus and the trend of the evaluation of creativity; it goes beyond the traditional conception of evaluating young children's creativity by including the evaluation of novelty and usefulness. Therefore, The Preschoolers' Creativity Test is a preschoolers' creativity test with decent reliability and validity.

1. 葉玉珠(2000)。「創造力發展的生態系統模式」及其應用於科技與資訊領域之內涵分析。教育心理學報，32(1)，95-122。
   連結：
2. Amabile, T. M.(1983).The Psychology of Creativity.New York:Springer-Verlag.
3. Amabile, T. M.(1996).Creativity in context: Update to the social psychology of creativity.Boulder, CO:Westview Press.
4. Amabile, T. M.,Conti, R.,Lazenby, J.,Herron, M.(1996).Assessing the work environment for creativity.Academy of Management Journal,39,1154-1184.
5. Arasteh, A. R.,Arasteh, J. D.(1976).Creativity in Human Development.New York:Schenkman Publishing Company, Inc.
6. Armstrong, T.、李平譯(1994)。經營多元智慧。台北市:遠流。
7. Ashby, F. G.,Isen, A. M.,Turken, U.(1999).A neuropsychological theory of positive affect and its influence on cognition.Psychological Review,106,529-550.
8. Bomba, A. K.,Moran, J. D.(1988).The relationship of select temperament characteristics to creative potential in preschool children.Early Child Development and Care,41,225-230.
9. Chae, S.(2003).Adaptation of a picture-type creativity test for pre-school children.Language Testing,20(2),178-189.
10. Cropley A. J(2000).Defining and measuring creativity: Are creativity tests worth using.Roeper Review,23(2),78.
11. Daehler, M. W.(2000).A key bridge to understanding the development of thinking and problem solving.Monographs of the Society Jar Research in Child Development,65(2),97-105.
12. Gauvain, M.,Fagot, B. I.,Leve, C.,Kavanagh, K.(2002).Instruction by mothers and fathers during problem solving with their young children.Journal of Family Psychology,16(1),81-90.
13. Gruber, H. E.,Wallace, D. B.(2001).Creative work.American Psychologist,56(4),346-349.
14. Heyman, G. D.,Gelman, S.(2000).Preschool children`s use of trait labels to make inductive inferences.Journal of Experimental Child Psychology,77(1),1-19.
15. Isen, A. M.(1987).Positive affect, cognitive process and social behavior.Advances in Experimental Social Psychology,20,203-253.
16. Isen, A. M.,Johnson, M. M. S.,Mertz, E.,Robinson, G. R.(1985).The influence of positive affect on the unusualness of word associations.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,48,1413-1426.
17. Isen, A. M.,S. Russ (Ed.)(1999).Affect, creative experience, and psychological adjustment.Philadelphia:Taylor & Francis.
18. Koestler, A.(1969).The act of creation.New York:Macmillan.
19. Lubart, T. I.,Getz, I.(1997).Emotion, metaphor, and the creative process.Creative Research Journal,10(4),285-301.
20. Mayer, R. E.,R. J. Sternberg (Ed.)(1999).Handbook of creativity.New York:Cambridge University Press.
21. Mellou, E.(1996).The two-conditions view of creativity.Journal of Creative Behavior,30,126-149.
22. Oldham, G. R.,Cummings, A.(1996).Employee creativity: Personal and contextual factors at work.Academy of Management Journal,39,607-634.
23. Rostan, S. M.(1998).A study of the development of young artists: The emergence of an artistic and creative identity.Journal of Creative Behavior,32,278-301.
24. Runco, M. A.,Walberg, H. J.(1998).Personal explicit theories of creativity.The Journal of Creative Behavior,32(1),1-17.
25. Starkweather, E. K.(1971).Creativity Research Instruments Designed for Use with Preschool Children.Journal of Creativity Behavior,5(4),245-255.
26. Sternberg, R. J.,Lubart, T. L.(1996).Investing in creativity.American Psychologist,51,77-688.
27. Tegano, D. W.,Moran, J, D.,Sawyers, J. K.(1991).National Education Association. Early Childhood Education Series.ERIC Document Reproduction Service.
28. Torrance, E. P.(1966).Torrance test of creativity.Princeton:Personnel Press.
29. Torrance, E. P.,R. J. Sternberg (Ed.)(1988).The nature of creativity.New York:Cambridge University Press.
30. 王珮玲(1991)。博士論文(博士論文)。台北市，國立政治大學教育研究所。
31. 吳靜吉(1998)。新編創造思考測驗。台北市:教育部。
32. 李梅齡(2004)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。高雄市，國立中山大學教育研究所。
33. 李德高(1980)。創造心理學。台北市:五南。
34. 林廷華(1995)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。台北市，私立中國文化大學兒童福利研究所。
35. 柯慧貞(1993)。談幼稚園的戲劇扮演活動。國教月刊，39(9)，68-74。
36. 倪嗚香(2003)。行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫報告。台北:國立政治大學幼兒教育研究所。
37. 馬祖琳、江淑卿(2002)。「九十一學年度幼兒發展與學習學術研討會」之論文。台中市:國立台中師範學院。
38. 黃作后(2001)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。台北市，臺北市立師範學院國民教育研究所。
39. 葉玉珠(2005)。國科會專案報告。台北:國立政治大學師資培育中心。
40. 董奇(1995)。兒童創造力發展心理。台北市:五南。
41. 廖怡佳(2005)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。台北市，國立政治大學幼兒教育研究所。
42. 廖素珍(1992)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。台北市，私立文化大學兒童福利研究所。

1. 侯雅齡(2009)。幼兒科學創造力評量方法之發展：嵌入式評量設計。教育科學研究期刊，54(1)，113-142。
2. 黃品惠、吳菊、何珮芸(2010)。高階主管碩士在職專班（EMBA）師資專業能力之研究。運動休閒餐旅研究，5(1)，57-84。
3. 賴慕回、詹博元、陳德貴、張天民、徐昊杲(2008)。「電機電子技術創造力測驗」量表之編製。測驗學刊，55(2)，407-434。
4. 邱垂昌(2008)。運用概念圖作為中級會計學補救教學與評量之輔助工具研究。新竹教育大學學報，25(1)，127-154。
5. 謝妲珊、許一珍、林仁智(2018)。桌上遊戲對幼兒繪畫創造力之影響。國際數位媒體設計學刊，10(2)，41-53。
6. 張蕙伊、周淑惠(2011)。幼兒創造性教學之個案研究。幼兒教育年刊，22，97-123。
7. 趙珮晴、張芳全(2013)。情緒智力與高層次思考關係研究之後設分析。臺北市立教育大學學報：教育類，44(1)，29-50。
8. (2007)。台灣創造力教育研究之回顧。教育曙光，55(3)，47-59。