圖畫情境式親子互動關係型態的內涵建構與量表編製－爸爸版與媽媽版

Intension of Parent-Child Interaction Relationship Type and Construction of Its Scale in Pictorial Situations: Father Edition and Mother Edition

10.7108/PT.200808.0213

趙梅如(Mei-Ru Chao)

探索性因素分析 ； 圖畫情境測驗 ； 親子互動關係型態 ； 驗證性因素分析 ； confirmatory factor analysis ； exploratory factor analysis ； parent-child interaction relationship type ； pictorial situational test

測驗學刊

55卷2期（2008 / 08 / 01）

213 - 246

繁體中文

本研究的目的在探討親子互動關係型態的內涵建構，以及編製一份適合親子的爸爸版與媽媽版親子互動關係型態量表，瞭解孩子在親子互動關係中的溝通型態。本量表是一種圖畫情境量表，為一四等量尺，具有五個爸爸與孩子以及六個媽媽與孩子互動關係的主題情境。量表共含有八個分量表，為交心、矜持、妥協、默從、衝突、偽裝、冷淡與防衛八種家庭互動關係中的溝通型態。本研究以台灣地區793位孩子為樣本進行信、效度考驗，結果顯示：在信度上，爸爸版與媽媽版之八個分量表之Cronbach's係數介於.60~.71之間，全量表為.91及.92，成分信度在.68~.83之間，就心理測驗及量表而言，顯示此量表的內部一致性信度適切；在效度上，其探索性因素分析之負荷量絕對值介於.30~.91之間，八個因素累積變異解釋量爸爸版為43.04%，媽媽版為45.75%；並以驗證性因素分析檢驗其概念建構，其係數皆在可接受的範圍內，顯示量表的建構效度良好。

The objective of this paper is to study the intension of parent-child interaction relationship and to construct its scale suiting to parent-child's father edition and mother edition for understanding children's communication type in parent-child interaction relationship. This scale is one of situational tests as four-point Likert-type scale. It has five thematic situations of father-child interaction relationship and six of mother-child interaction relationship. The scale has empathy, constraint, compromise, conflict, camouflage, remoteness, and defensiveness eight sub-scales as eight communicative styles of family interaction relationship. This study is based on samples from 793 children in Taiwan with reliability and validity tested. The results have shown: the scale of parentchild interaction relationship has reached satisfactory level of internal consistency reliability, tested with Cronbach's coefficients ranged from .60 to .71, and .91, .92 for overall scales, tested with composite reliability ranged from .68 to .83; this scale have a clear factorial structure through exploratory factor analysis identified eight factors. Each absolute value of factor loading is between .30~.91, and the cumulative Rsquare for this model is 43.04% of father edition, and 45.75% for mother edition. Furthermore, through the confirmatory factor analysis, this scale has shown that the theoretical model fit the observed data well.

1. 李美枝(1998)。中國人親子關係的內涵與功能―以大學生為例。本土心理學研究，9，3-51。
   連結：
2. 張兆球、郭黎玉晶(1998)。香港兒童對父母管教訊息的情緒反應和行為傾向。本土心理學研究，9，281-306。
   連結：
3. 莊耀嘉(1999)。家庭中人際互動結構與運作模式。本土心理學研究，12，3-46。
   連結：
4. 程秀蘭、林世華、吳麗娟(2001)。大學生知覺父母權威性與其生氣歷程、憂鬱傾向之相關研究。教育心理學報，32(2)，19-44。
   連結：
5. 黃宗堅、謝雨生、周玉慧(2004)。家人關係的測量與分類。中華心理學刊，46(4)，307-328。
   連結：
6. 趙梅如(2003)。孺慕父親情結量表之建構及其信效度研究。測驗學刊，50(2)，199-222。
   連結：
7. Ainsworth, M.D. S.,Blehar, M. C.,Waters, E.,Wall, S.(1978).Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation.Hillsdale, NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
8. Bagozzi, R. P.,Edwards, J. R.(1998).A general approach for representing constructs in organizational research.Organizational Research Methods,1(1),45-87.
9. Bagozzi, R. P.,Heatherton, T. F.(1994).A general approach to representing multifaceted personality constructs: Application to state self-esteem.Structural Equation Modeling,1,35-67.
10. Bandalos, D. L.,Finney, S. J.,G. A. Marcoulides (Ed.)(2001).New developments and techniques in structural equation modeling.Mahwah, NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
11. Bartholomew, K.,Horowitz, L. M.(1991).Attachment styles among young adults: A test of a four-category model.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,61,226-244.
12. Chao, R. K.(1994).Beyond parental control and authoritarian parenting style: Understanding Chinese parenting through the cultural notion of training.Child Development,65,1111-1119.
13. Chao, R. K.,Sue, S.,S. Lau (Ed.)(1996).Growing up the Chinese way: Chinese child and adolescent development.Hong Kong:Hong Kong Chinese University Press.
14. Chen, X.,Liu, M.,Li, D.(2000).Parental warmth, control, and indulgence and their relations to adjustment in Chinese children: A longitudinal study.Journal of Family Psychology,14(3),401-419.
15. Conrade, G.,Ho, R.(2001).Differential parenting styles for fathers and mothers: Differential treatment for sons and daughters.Australian Journal of Psychology,53(1),29-35.
16. Ekman, P.,J. Cole (Ed.)(1972).Nebraska symposium on motivation.Lincoln, NE:University of Nebraska Press.
17. Gao, G.,Ting-Toomey, S.,Gudykunst, W. B.,M. H. Bond (Ed.)(1996).The handbook of Chinese psychology.Hong Kong:Oxford University Press.
18. Gerard, A. B.(1994).Parent-Child Relationship inventory (PCRI): Manual.Los Angeles, CA:Western Psychological Services.
19. Gerrits, M. H.,Goudena, P. P.,Aken, M. A. G.(2005).Child-parent and child-peer interaction: Observational similarities and differences at age seven.Infant and Child Development,14,229-241.
20. Gottfried, A. E.,Fleming, J. S.,Gottfried, A. W.(1994).Role of parental motivational practices in children`s academic intrinsic motivation and achievement.Journal of Educational Psychology,86,104-113.
21. Hair, J. F.,Anderson, R. E.,Tatham, R. L.,Black, W. C.(1998).Multivariate data analysis.Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice-Hall.
22. Hoftede, G.,J. Deregowski,S. Dzuirawiec,R. Annies (Eds.)(1983).Explications in cross-cultural psychology.Lisse, Netherlands:Swets & Zeitinger.
23. Hwang, K. K.(1997).Guanxi and Meintze: conflict resolution in Chinese society.International Communication Studies,7(1),17-41.
24. Kaplan, R. M.,Sacuzzo, D. P.(1993).Psychological testing.Pacific Grove, CA:Brooks/Cole.
25. Little, T. D.,Cunningham, W. A.,Shahar, G.,Widaman, K. F.(2002).To parcel or not to parcel: Exploring the question, weighing the merits.Structural Equation Modeling,9(2),151-173.
26. Liu, Y. L.(2003).Parent-child interaction and children's depression: The relationships between parent-child interaction and children's depressive symptoms in Taiwan.Journal of Adolescence,26,47-457.
27. Matsumoto, D.(1991).Cultural influences on facial expressions of emotion.Southern Communication Journal,56,128-137.
28. Matsumoto, D.(1989).Cultural influences on the perception of emotion.Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology,20,92-105.
29. McEvily, B.,Zaheer, A.,R. Bachman,A. Zaheer (Eds.)(2005).Handbook of trust research.Cheltenham, UK:Edward Elgar.
30. Noar, S. M.(2003).The role of structural equation modeling in scale development.Structural Equation Modeling,10(4),622-647.
31. Renk, K.,Mckinney, C.,Klein, J.,Oliveros, A.(2006).Childhood discipline, perceptions of parents, and current functioning in female college students.Journal of Adolescence,29,73-88.
32. Rubio, D. M.,Berg-Weger, M.,Tebb, S. S.(2001).Using structural equation modeling to test for multidimensionality.Structural Equation Modeling,8(4),613-626.
33. Shek, D. T. L.(2000).Chinese adolescents` perceptions of parental differences in parenting characteristics, parent-adolescent communication, and parent-adolescent relationship.Adolescence,35,135-146.
34. Steinberg, L. D.,Brown, B. B.,Dornbusch, S. M.(1994).Beyond the classroom: Why school reform has failed and what parents need to do.New York:Simon & Schuster.
35. Trenholm, S.,Jensen, A.(2004).Interpersonal communication.New York:Oxford University Press.
36. Trenholm, S.,Jensen, A.(1992).Interpersonal communication.Belmont, CA:Wadsworth.
37. Vandenberg, R. J.,Scarpello, V.(1991).Multitrait-multimethod validation of the satisfaction with my supervisor scale.Educational and Psychological Measurement,52,203-212.
38. Youniss, J.(1994).Rearing children for society.New Directions for Child Development,66,37-50.
39. 吳麗娟(1997)。行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫成果報告行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫成果報告,未出版
40. 徐靜、曾文星主編(1996)。華人的心理與治療。台北市:桂冠。
41. 高淑芳、陸洛(2001)。父母管教態度與國中生升學壓力感受之關係。應用心理研究，10，221-250。
42. 張嘉真、李美枝(2000)。親子問情感行為的溯源與文化塑形。中華心理衛生學刊，13(2)，1-35。
43. 黃聖桂(2001)。對青少年子女親子管教的文獻回顧―性別敏戚的觀點。中華心理衛生學刊，14(1)，89-111。
44. 黃曬莉(1996)。中國人的和諧觀／衝突觀―和諧化辯證觀之研究取徑。本土心理學研究，5，47-71。
45. 黃曬莉、楊國樞主編(2004)。華人本土心理學。台北市:遠流。
46. 楊知勇(2000)。家族主義與中國文化。昆明:雲南大學出版社。
47. 歐陽儀、吳麗娟(1998)。教養方式與依附關係代問傳遞模式之研究。教育心理學報，30(2)，33-58。
48. 羅國英(1997)。行政院國家科學委員會專題研究成果報告(NSC-86-2413-H-031-004-G11)行政院國家科學委員會專題研究成果報告(NSC-86-2413-H-031-004-G11),未出版

1. 蕭英玲,曾秀雲,林詩淳,林惠雅(2022)。親子關係品質檢測之發展：父母評量之實務應用。家庭教育與諮商學刊，25，1-29。
2. 趙梅如、黃信樽(2009)。數學學習需求之內涵建構及量表編製。教育學刊，32，159-195。
3. 趙梅如、王世億(2013)。大學生同性友誼品質之內涵驗證及性別差異分析。教育心理學報，44(4)，829-852。
4. (2008)。親子互動關係型態之「和諧」內涵的結構驗證與親子對偶互動關係之差異探討。教育與心理研究，31(4)，83-113。