紙筆與電腦工具對設計專家與設計生手草圖行爲的評估與分析

Evaluation and Analysis of Designer Experts and Novices' Sketching Activities with Traditional and Digital Tools

陳慧霞(Hui-Hsia Chen)；游萬來(Man-Lai You)

草圖行爲 ； 紙筆工具 ； 設計生手 ； 設計專家 ； 電腦工具 ； 設計教育 ； digital tool computer ； expert designer ； novice designer ； sketching ； traditional tool paper & pencil ； design education

藝術教育研究

14期（2007 / 12 / 01）

61 - 99

繁體中文

電腦工具改變了設計行爲，開啟電腦輔助概念設計議題的探討，不同經驗的設計專家與生手，因不同工具的使用造成草圖行爲的差異。基於兩大議題的整合性，本研究目標：比較設計專家與生手在概念設計階段使用電腦與紙筆工具，第一，草圖行爲的差異？不同特徵的草圖行爲表現？第二，設計者與草圖進行溝通互動的過程（「看」與「動」的行爲）分析？第三，構想過程與構想成果的異同？第四，提出兼具量化與質性的評估工具（2構面與6大指標）分析方法來紀錄與解構草圖行爲。結果發現使用紙筆工具的設計專家與生手有別於使用電腦工具的草圖行爲，包含草圖數量多、獨特性高、思考流暢度佳、較佳的構想搜尋模式等；專家的概念構想模式，可作爲生手提升爲專家的學習目標；專家與生手皆指出電腦工具的視覺化特性不會明顯影響進行設計問題的評估，但使用紙筆工具，卻可以快速表達構想、易於觀察圖像造形與執行「判斷的看」動作，同時所產生的觸覺心理因素，是電腦工具無法取代的。

Computer tool has changed the behavior of design, and explore the issues of computer aided conceptual design. Designers' sketching and thinking have been changed in accordance with different design tools in the conceptual stage. This study explores and analyzes the comparison between designers' sketching in traditional and digital tools. The aims are: 1.Comparing the differences of novice and expert designers' sketching with traditional and digital tools and finding some characteristics to decompose sketching; 2.Proposing a method on analyzing the interactive communication process (seeing-moving-seeing); 3.Detecting the similarities as well as differences on conceptual process and its outcomes; 4.Proposing a technique that consists of qualitative and quantitative analysis to record designers' sketching and identify 2 dimensions and 6 characteristics. Results show that traditional tool has advantages over the digital tool, such as more number of sketches generated, higher originality of sketches, excellent fluency of design thinking, an ideal approach for concept generation adapted, etc. This study provides an expert's approach for concept generation in order to make it a learning motivation for novices to upgrade to expert designers and a reference for design education. Both experts and novices have stated that visualization of computer tools would not exert an apparent compact on design evaluation and application. With traditional tool, however, it would be easier for them not only to express their ideation, but also to observe the sketches with judgment. Finally, computer tools can never replace traditional tool in the way that the latter can influence people physiologically through their tactility.

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