音樂要素與聆賞者因素交互作用對聆賞情緒的影響

The Interaction Effects of Musical Elements and Listener Factors on Listening Emotions

黃靜芳(Ching-Fang Huang)

力度 ； 性別 ； 音樂要素 ； 音樂訓練 ； 速度 ； 聆賞者因素 ； 聆賞情緒 ； 調性 ； dynamics ； gender ； musical elements ； musical training ； tempo ； listener factors ； listening emotions ； tonality

藝術教育研究

22期（2011 / 12 / 01）

41 - 73

繁體中文

本研究旨在探究音樂要素與聆賞者因素對聆賞情緒的影響，自變項為音樂要素的調性、速度與力度，以及聆賞者因素的性別與音樂訓練；依變項為聆賞者的正負向與激發情緒。聆賞音樂採用兩首創作曲，分別改編調性（大調／小調）、速度（快／慢）、力度（強／弱）成為16首樂曲。結果發現：（1）「調性」、「速度」、「力度」會影響聆賞者的正負向情緒；但只有「速度」、「力度」會影響激發情緒。（2）「性別×調性」會影響聆賞者的正負向情緒；且「性別×調性」、「性別×速度」、「性別×力度」會影響激發情緒。（3）「音樂訓練×調性」、「音樂訓練×速度」、「音樂訓練×力度」會影響聆賞者的正負向情緒；「音樂訓練×調性」、「音樂訓練×速度」會影響激發情緒。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the interaction effects of musical elements and listener factors on listening emotions. The independent variables were musical elements of tonality, tempo and dynamics, as well as listener factors of gender and musical training. The dependent variables were listening emotions, including positive-negative emotion and arousal emotion. This study manipulated two compositions to 16 versions, each composition including 8 combinations: tonality (major and minor) × tempo (fast and slow) × dynamic (loud and soft). According to research purpose and method, this study came up with the following three findings. First, musical elements of tonality, tempo and dynamics caused significant influences on listeners' positive-negative emotion, but only tempo and dynamics caused significant influences on listeners' arousal emotion. Second, gender × tonality had significant influence on listeners' positive-negative emotion; gender × tonality, gender × tempo, and gender × dynamics had significant influences on listeners' arousal emotion. Third, musical training × tonality, musical training × tempo and musical training × dynamics had significant influences on listeners' positive-negative emotion; musical training × tonality, and musical training × tempo had significant influences on listeners' arousal emotion.

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