An Integrated Perspective of Wage Determination

薪資決定論的整合觀點

10.6429/FES.200302.0101

劉正(Jeng Liu)

薪資決定標準 ； 人力資本論 ； 雙元分析 ； 社會資本 ； 工人權力 ； wage determination ； human capital theory ； dualistic analysis ； social capital ； worker power

教育與社會研究

5期（2003 / 02 / 01）

101 - 135

英文

長久以來，職場上薪資的決定標準一直是個被廣泛討論的重要議題。諸多理論對此等標準雖各有說法，卻始終遍存著爭議。傳統人力資本論所強調的勞工邊際生產力，似嫌過度強調勞動之供給面；經修正的主張兼論了供需兩方，卻又因無法描述真實的勞動市場情形而飽受批評。雙元對立的分析取向對職場的區隔與薪資決定的過程提出說明，但仍因其定義不明確及缺乏實証研究依據而充滿爭議。晚近的社會學者們企圖點出勞動市場結構的力量，並重新引用馬克思主義及韋伯的組織理論來從事理論鋪陳及實証分析，不過至今的研究成果多屬片段，也存有不易讓人信服的質疑。 經仔細回顧新古典理論、新結構主義及社會學取向的相關文獻，整理其間之諸多討論與爭議後，我們認為勞動市場結構與薪資決定過程間的關係必須重新深入思考。我們嘗試提出以「工人權力」的思考角度，透過對其社會資本的討論，分析職業關係、職場規模、及雇主與職員之問的權力關係，來瞭解勞工薪資與諸多結構因素之問互動過程。希望能藉此較為統合的觀點，降低過去各派學說遍存的爭議，彌補其不足，並為日後的經驗研究提出一可能實際操作的方式。

While wage determination is an important research topic and has received much attention from different disciplines, researchers disagree about the nature of the mechanisms that determine wage rates. Human capital theory was criticized for its overemphasis on supply-side of labor. Dualistic approaches explained the relationship between segmented labor market and wage determination process in a different way, but were criticized for their lack of clear identification and empirical evidence. Lately, sociologists revisited Marxism and Weberian organization theory, and emphasized the importance of the social bases of wage determination. The empirical work, however, is sparse and not convincing. In this article, we propose an integrated perspective, namely, ”worker power,” to understand the process of wage determination by emphasizing workers' social capital, the employment relationship, the size and structure of work places, and the power relationship between workers and employers.

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