台灣十一座林木苗圃的蟲害調查

A Survey of Insect Damage at 11 Forest Seedling Nurseries in Taiwan

10.6661/TESFE.2014013

莊鈴木(Ling-Mu Jaung)；趙榮台(Jung-Tai Chao)；葛兆年(Chao-Nien Koh)

林木苗圃 ； 幼苗 ； 害蟲 ； 台灣 ； forest nursery ； seedling ； insect pest ； Taiwan

台灣昆蟲

34卷3-4期（2015 / 03 / 01）

151 - 165

繁體中文

為了解台灣林木苗圃的蟲害及其發生情形，本研究自2003年4月至2005年3月，定期至林務局11座苗圃調查，紀錄調查時間、地點、害蟲種類、受害苗木種類、害蟲取食部位等資料。兩年期間調查66次、139種苗木的結果，共紀錄205次蟲害、71種害蟲。苗圃的蟲害記錄次數與苗圃的海拔高度呈顯著負相關（r=-0.74,p＜0.005）。71種害蟲中，58種（81.7%）為幼蟲期，其中有33種成功飼育至成蟲，可鑑定至種的昆蟲44種。鱗翅目、半翅目及鞘翅目等三類昆蟲是這11座苗圃發生最普遍的害蟲類群，主要取食葉部。受害次數較多的苗木通常遭受特定昆蟲類群的攻擊。記錄超過10次以上的8科昆蟲，幾乎終年發生。調查的139種苗木中，僅34.5%（48/139）的苗木遭受昆蟲為害，受害的48種苗木中，以烏心石、青剛櫟、桂花、楓香、黃槿、香楠、台灣海桐、玉蘭花、樟樹、楊梅、欖仁、瓊崖海棠及茶花等13種苗木受害次數最多。本文並就苗圃常發現的害蟲、為害的季節以及易受害的苗木等方面，為苗圃的蟲害管理提出建議。

To understand the damages caused by insect pests in Taiwan’s forest seedling nurseries, we collected information on the amount and type of damage occurrence, the species of damaged seedlings, the plant part damaged and the damaging insect pest, at 11 forest seedling nurseries from April 2003 to March 2005. A total of 205 cases of insect pest damages were recorded on 48 of the 139 (34.5%) seedling species investigated through 66 nursery surveys over a period of 2 years. The number of pest damages was significantly and negatively correlated with the elevation of the nursery (r=-0.74, p＜0.005). Of the 71 insect pest species found on the 48 attacked seedling species, 58 (81.7%) were in their young stage and 33 of them were successfully reared to adult stage, 44 (62%) were identified as to their species. Lepidoptera, Hemiptera and Coleoptera were the most common orders damaging nursery seedlings, mainly by damaging the foliage. The most frequently attacked seedling species were, in general, damaged by specific insect taxa. The most common seedling pest families (each with more than 10 records of damage) were found almost all year round. Of the 48 seedling species attacked by insect pests, ＂Michelia formosana, Cyclobalanopsis glauca, Osmanthus fragrans, Liquidamber formosana, Hibiscus tiliaceus, Machilus zuihoensis, Pittosporum pentandrum, Magnolia denudata, Cinnamomum camphora, Myrica rubra, Terminalia catappa, Calophyllum inophyllum＂, and ＂Camellia japonica＂ were the most frequently attacked species. Suggestions for improving the pest management of these nurseries, particularly in terms of commonly occurring pests, seasonality and susceptible seedling species, are discussed.