直角渫蜣（＂Onthophagus rectecornutus＂ Lansberge）（Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae）之生活史與形態

The Life History and Morphology of ＂Onthophagus rectecornutus＂ Lansberge (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

10.6661/TESFE.2014018

林佳蓉(Chung-Jung Lin)；徐淨慧(Ching-Hui Hsu)；黃文伯(Wen-Be Hwang)

糞金龜 ； 直角渫蜣 ； 生活史 ； 形態 ； 有效性比 ； dung beetle ； ＂Onthophagus rectecornutus＂ ； life history ； morphology ； operational sex ratio

台灣昆蟲

34卷3-4期（2015 / 03 / 01）

227 - 249

繁體中文

糞金龜在生態系統中是扮演分解者的角色，能有效分解糞便並加速營養物質的循環，所以在畜牧業中可以利用糞金龜來對食糞性蠅類做生物防治。然而有關台灣糞金龜生活史的研究並不多，而本研究是在探討新化牧場中的優勢食糞物種Onthophagus rectecornutus（直角渫蜣）的個體形態及生活史。直角渫蜣的生活史：交尾後產卵期約1.84±0.60天，卵期為2.62±0.65天，一齡幼蟲平均發育日數2.18±0.43天，二齡幼蟲平均發育日數2.53±0.69天，三齡幼蟲平均發育日數5.93±0.98天，蛹期約12.58±1.80天，且F1世代的雌雄蟲之間的壽命長短有顯著差異。一對直角渫蜣所產的糞球當中，後代羽化數量越多，雄蟲出現的比率也越高。直角渫蜣野外兩性成蟲的體型大小與頭角長有顯著差異，F1世代兩性成蟲則只有頭角長有顯著差異，且無論野外或F1世代的體型越大其頭角長越長。本研究建立了直角渫蜣的基本生物學資料，再對日後築巢模式與行為進行深入調查。

Dung beetles serve as decomposers in the ecosystem by decomposing fecal matter into organic matter thereby accelerating nutrient cycling. Consequently, dung beetles can be used in animal husbandry as a biological control agent against coprophagous flies. Domestic literature on the life cycle of dung beetles is fairly limited. This study explores the morphology and life cycle of ＂O. rectecornutu＂ at Hsiuhua Ranch. Its life cycle is as follows: oviposition over a period of approximately 1.84±0.60 days, hatching for 2.62±0.65 days, first instar larva stage for approximately 2.18±0.43 days, second instar larva stage for approximately 2.53±0.69 days, third instar larva stage for approximately 5.93±0.98 days, and the pupa stage for approximately 12.58±1.80 days. There is a significant difference in life span between males and females of the F1 generation. In the brooding ball produced by a male-female pair of ＂O. rectecornutu＂, the higher eclosion rate results in a higher ratio of male ＂O. rectecornutu＂. A significant difference in body size and horn length between male and female ＂O. rectecornutu＂ is found in the wild. However, among the male and female specimens of the F1 generation only the horn length differs. Horn length is correlated to body size in both wild and F1 generation specimens. Understanding the basic life cycle of tunneling dung beetles (i.e., ＂O. rectecornutu＂) is necessary for a more in-depth investigation of their tunneling patterns and behavior.