The Changing Governance of Academic Innovation in Taiwan: A Preliminary Post-STBL Review

台灣學術創新的新統理：科技基本法實施後之初探

10.6295/TAMJ.2004.0403.01

張元杰(Yuan-Chieh Chang)；劉孟俊(Meng-Chun Liu)；楊宜興(Phil Y. Yang)

科技基本法 ； 學術創新 ； 專利 ； 授權 ； 產學合作 ； Science and technology basic law ； Academic innovation ； Patenting ； Licensing ； University-industry partnership

台灣管理學刊

4卷3期（2004 / 08 / 01）

271 - 287

英文

在模式二知識生產方式的崛起，跨領域之知識創造與運用乃為時勢所趨。以大學知識來促進產業創新來源的新統理，變成各國勢在必行的政策。本研究初步探討在科技基本法實施之後，台灣各大專院校對新的“科學-經濟＂統理之回應，並以四個主要構面：制度創新、組織創新、商品化創新與新產學夥伴關係，來分析其對國內學術創新的影響。本研究以問卷調查方式，調查國內所有大專院校，結果發現科技基本法實施後的初期，已逐漸促進各校對於智慧財產權的保護與運用與產業界的研究夥伴等活動。然而，在學術創新之新統理機制下，學術研究人員對機會認知上的缺乏以及產學合作的障礙依然普遍存在著，爲完全實現學術知識對創新體系的貢獻，社會創新將是下一階段的重要議題。

In the rise of mode 2 knowledge production, the new governance allowing universities to facilitate knowledge flow into new ideas and sources of industrial innovation becomes imperative. This paper preliminarily examines how Taiwanese higher education institutions (HEIs) responded to the new ”scientific-economic” governance that emerged in the post Science Technology Basic Law era. Four major dimensions of academic innovation are investigated, namely: institutional innovation, organizational innovation, commercial innovation and new university-industry partnerships. Through a postal questionnaire survey of all HEIs in Taiwan, this study reveals that the new governance of academic innovation has gradually stimulated the university's propensity to intellectual property protection and exploitation, and industrial research partnerships in the preliminary post-STBL period. Vulnerable groups of HEIs in academic innovation activities are identified. However, cognitive failure of academic faculty and cooperation barriers among research partners still prevail. In order to fully materialize academic knowledge, a social innovation is needed.

1. Lin, B. W.,Y. G. Chen,T. I. Hong(2003).The accumulation of business intangibles: its relatedness with tendency of strategic alliance and technology development.Taiwan Academy of Management Journal,3,59-74.
   連結：
2. Sher, P. J.(2003).Ethnic innovation networks: a strategic linkage explanation for intellectual advantage in international business.Taiwan Academy of Management Journal,3,41-58.
   連結：
3. Bordt, M.,C. Read(1999).Science and Technology Redesign Project.Ottawa:Statistics Canada.
4. Cox, D.,P. Gummett,,K. Barker(1999).Government Laboratories: Transition and Transformation.Amsterdam:IOS Press.
5. Di Gregorio, D.,S. Shane(2003).Why do some universities generate more start-ups than others.Research Policy,32,209-227.
6. Diez, J. R.(2000).The importance of public research institutes in innovative networks-empirical results from the Metropolitan Innovation Systems Barcelona, Stockholm and Vienna.European Planning Studies,8,451-462.
7. Druilhe, C.,E. Garnsey,W. During,R. Oakey,S. Kauser (eds)(2001).New Technology-Based Firms in the New Millennium.Oxford, UK:Pergamon.
8. Etzkowitz, H.(2003).Research groups as `quasi-firms`? The invention of the entrepreneurial university.Research Policy,32,109-121.
9. Etzkowitz, H.,L. Leydesdorff (eds)(1997).Universities and the Global Knowledge Economy: Triple-helix of University-Industry-Government Relations.London:Printer.
10. Geisler, E.,A. Rubenstein,A. Link,G. Tassey (eds)(1989).Co-operative Research and Development: The Industry-University-Government.Boston:Kluwer.
11. Geuna, A.(1999).The Economics of Knowledge Production: Funding and the Structure of University Research.Cheltenham:Edward Elgar.
12. Gibbons, M.,C. Limoges,H. Nowotny,S. Schwartzman,P. Scott,M. Trow(1994).The New Production of Knowledge: The Dynamics of Science and Research in Contemporary Societies.London:Sage.
13. Hackett, E. J.,J. Croissant,S. Restivo (eds)(2001).Degrees of Compromise: Industrial Interests and Academic Values.Albany:State University of New York Press.
14. Howells, J.(1999).Research and technology outsourcing.Technology Analysis & Strategic Management,11,17-29.
15. Howells, J.,M. Nedeva,L. Georghiou(1988).Industry-Academic Links in the UK.Bristol:Higher Education Funding Council for England.
16. McKelvey, M. D.,H. Etzkowitz,L. Leydesdorff (eds)(1997).Universities and the Global Knowledge Economy: Triple-Helix of University-Industry-Government Relations.London:Printer.
17. Meyer-Krahmer, F.,U. Schmoch(1998).Science-based technologies: university-industry interactions in four fields.Research Policy,27,835-851.
18. Mowery, D. C.,A. A. Ziedonis.(2002).Academic patent quality and quantity before and after the Bayh-Dole act in the United States.Research Policy,31,399-418.
19. Mowery, D. C.,B. N. Sampat,A. A. Ziedonis(2002).Learning to patent: institutional experience, learning, and the characteristics of university patents after Bayh-Dole: 1981–1992.Management Science,48,73-89.
20. Mowery, D. C.,R. R. Nelson(2001).The growth of patenting and licensing by the U.S. universities: an assessment of the effects of the Bayh-Dole act of 1980..Research Policy,30,99-119.
21. Mowery, D.,J. E. Oxley(1998).Technological overlap and interfirm cooperation: implications for the resource-based view of the firms.Research Policy,27,507-523.
22. National Science Council (NSC)(2003).Indicators of Science and Technology: FY 2002.Taiwan:
23. OECD(2003).Turning Science into Business: Patenting and Licensing at Public Research Organisations.Paris:OECD.
24. Otala, L.(1994).Industry-university partnership.Journal of European Industrial Training,18,13-18.
25. Owen-Smith, J.,W. W. Powell(2003).The expanding role of university patenting in the life sciences: assessing the importance of experience and connectivity.Research Policy,32,1695-1711.
26. Sanz-Menéndez, L.,L. Cruz-Castrol(2003).Coping with environmental pressures: public research organizations responses to funding crises.Research Policy,32,209-227.
27. Shane, S.(2002).Executive forum: university technology transfer to entrepreneurial companies.Journal of Business Venturing,17,537-552.
28. Shane, S.(2004).Encouraging university entrepreneurship? The effect of the Bayh-Dole Act on university patenting in the United States.Journal of Business Venturing,19,127-151.
29. Siegel, D. S.,D. Waldman,A. Link.(2003).Assessing the impact of organizational practices on the relative productivity of university technology transfer offices: an exploratory study.Research Policy,32,27-48.
30. Sine, W. D.,S. Shane,D. Di Gregorio(2003).The halo effect and technology licensing: the influence of institutional prestige on the licensing of university inventions.Management Science,49,478-496.
31. Stankiewicz, R.(1986).Academic and Entrepreneurs: Developing University Relations.London:Frances Printer.
32. Thursby, J.,M. Thursby.(2002).Who is selling the ‘Ivory Tower'? Sources of growth in university licensing.Management Science,48,90-104.
33. Thursby, J.,S. Kemp(2002).Growth and productive efficiency of university intellectual property licensing.Research Policy,31,109-124.
34. Tornatzky, L.,P. Waugaman,D. Gray(1999).Industry-University Technology Transfer: Models of Alternative Practice, Policy and Program.Research Triangle, NC:Southern Technology Council.

1. 陳欽雨、陳保秀、王美雅(2011)。兩岸大學專利活動之比較研究。商管科技季刊，12(3)，263-290。
2. 羅志成,彭筱芸(2020)。技專校院專利資訊搜尋行為對市場察覺能力影響之研究。科技管理學刊，25(2)，127-156。