研發國際化與地主國區位優勢：旗艦級跨國企業在兩岸研發中心之比較

Host Countries: A Comparison of Flagship MNCs' R&D across the Taiwan Strait

10.6295/TAMJ.2004.0403.02

陳信宏(Shin-Horng Chen)

研發國際化 ； 區位優勢 ； 跨國企業 ； 兩岸分工 ； R&D internationalization ； Locational advantage ； MNCs ； Division of labor across the Taiwan Strait

台灣管理學刊

4卷3期（2004 / 08 / 01）

289 - 316

繁體中文

自1980年代以來，企業研發國際化逐漸蔚為趨勢，而且形成產業科技與企業管理研究的重要議題。在現有文獻中，研發國際化大抵是被視為是以已開發國家為中心的企業營運功能國際化型態。然而，產業實際案例顯示研發國際化已逐漸涉及已開發國家以外的世界。因此，本文一方面要吸引學術界對於此一趨勢的重視，另一方面，作者修改Dunning的海外投資折衷理論，以區位優勢概念為基礎，嘗試從台灣與中國大陸的角度，利用廠商深度個案分析，來解讀研發國際化及探討地主國區位優勢與國際研發分工的關係。研究結果顯示，跨國企業在兩岸的研發活動呈現相當有趣的差異。這除了與跨國企業本身的策略佈局有關之外，另一個影響的關鍵因素為地主國的區位優勢。質言之，地主國的區位優勢與跨國企業在當地因而所從事的研發活動，並不完全取決於經濟發展的階段，反倒是與地主國的產業科技發展軌跡和躍進式的潛能有關。

Since the 1980s, R&D internationalization by corporation has become an increasingly obvious trend and a salient issue in the studies of technology and corporate management. Despite this discernible trend, the substantial body of literature in this area is based mainly on the experience of the developed country and hence is developed country-centric. However, cases from the industrial community have shown that R&D internationalization has increasingly involves countries outside the developed world. In light of this, this paper intends to draw attention to such a trend and proposes a conceptual framework adapted from Dunning's eclectic paradigm, In addition, the paper aims to explore relationship between MNCs' overseas R&D and the locational advantage of the host country by conducting in-depth case studies on flagship MNCs' R&D facilities on both sides of the Taiwan Strait. The results shows that some of the flagship MNCs' R&D activities exist interesting contrasts across the Taiwan Strait. There are grounds to suggest that such contrasts have something to do with the locational advantages Taiwan and China each possess.

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