题名

美國中小學歷史課程標準爭議始末(1987-1996)

并列篇名

The Historical Development of the National Historical Standards Project 1987-1996

DOI

10.29882/JTNUE.200504.0001

作者

單文經(Wen-Jing Shan)

关键词

歷史課程 ; 國家課程標準 ; 歷史課程標準 ; 美國教育 ; history curriculum ; National History Standards Project ; new historiography ; American education

期刊名称

師大學報:教育類

卷期/出版年月

50卷1期(2005 / 04 / 01)

页次

1 - 25

内容语文

繁體中文

中文摘要

1983年《國家在危機之中》報告書發表之後,全美各界形成了以教改振興國運的共識,進而帶動了研訂國家課程標準的教改運動。然而,此一涉及權力、知識與課程相互糾葛的複雜狀況,招致了許多的爭議。本文即試以1987至1996年之間,先後參與研定中小學《歷史課程標準》的若干要角之著作為主,配合相關的文獻,將其來龍去脈,作一番簡要的敘述。全文分為八節,前言說明本文寫作主旨。隨後,先由傳統與進步課程論的競逐、新舊史學研究派典的遞邅,以及在危機之中展開歷史課改等三節,分析此一歷史課程標準的緣起與背景。其後,則由歷史回歸聲浪下成立中心、折衝中研擬歷史課程標準,以及右派攻擊中修定課程標準三節,縷述此一歷史課程標準的過程與結果。最後,除摘述本文的要點外,並自課程史的觀點詮釋此次項爭議的意義,指出課程、尤其歷史課程的研發,欲速則不達,真乃急不得也。

英文摘要

This paper describes the history of the National Historical Standards Project (NHSP), 1987-1996. It tells the story of the argument over the nature of history education in the United States. In the first four sections the background of this argument is presented: the problem of deciding on a history curriculum, the transition from old to new historiography, and the formulation of the rhetoric of a nation-at-risk. In the next three sections, the writing and rewriting of the NHSP is analyzed in terms of the establishment of the National Center for History in the Schools (NCHS) and the NHSP, and the major quarrels between the Left and the Right are described. The paper concludes by pointing out that the history curriculum remains a contested terrain. Therefore, the writing of a history curriculum must be a very sensitive process.

主题分类 社會科學 > 教育學
参考文献
  1. 周珮儀(2000)。教育政策的兩難。教育研究集刊,45,57-83。
    連結:
  2. 單文經(2004)。論革新課程實驗之難成。教育研究集刊,50(1),1-32。
    連結:
  3. 單文經(2005)。Rugg 及Bruner 社會領域課程改革經驗的啟示。教育研究集刊,51(1),1-30。
    連結:
  4. Allardyce, G.(1990).Toward world history: American historians and the coming of the world history course.Journal of World History,1(1),23-76.
  5. Apple, M.W.(1996).Cultural politics and education.New York:Teachers College Press.
  6. Apple, M.W.(1990).The politics of official knowledge in the United States.Journal of Curriculum Studies,22(4),377-400.
  7. Apple, M.W.(1986).Teachers and texts: A political economy of class and gender relations in education.New York:Routledge.
  8. Aronowitz, S.,Girous, H.(1991).Postmodern education: Politics, culture and social criticism.Minneapolis:University of Minnesota Press.
  9. Ball, S.J.(1990).Foucault and education: Disciplines and knowledge.New York:Routledge.
  10. Bell, T.(1993).Reflections one decade after A nation at risk.Phi Delta kappan,74(9),592-597.
  11. Berliner, D. C.,Biddle, B. J.(1995).The manufactured crisis: Myths, frauds, and the attack on America's public schools.New York:Longman.
  12. Bestor, A.E.(1953).Educational wastelands: The retreat from learning in our public schools.Urbana:University of Illinois Press.
  13. Cheney, L.(1995).The Wall Street Journal.
  14. Cheney, L.(1994).The Wall Street Journal.
  15. Cohen, S.(1999).Challenging orthodoxies: Toward a new cultural history of education.New York:Peter Lang.
  16. Cookson, P.W.(1995).Goals 2000: Framework for the new educational federalism.Teachers College Records,93(3),405-417.
  17. Cuban, L.(1992).In P.W. Jackson (Ed.), Handbook of research on curriculum: A project of American Educational Research Association.New York:Macmillan.
  18. Dow, P. B.(1991).Schoolhouse politics: Lessons from the Sputnik era.Cambridge,:Harvard University Press.
  19. Dunn, R.(1995).A history of the history standards: The making of a controversy of historic proportions.UCLA Magazine,32-35.
  20. Evans, R.W.(2004).Te social studies wars: What should we teach the children?.New York:Teachers College.
  21. Ferejohn, J. A.,Weingast, B. R.(1997).The new federalism: Can the states be trusted?.Stanford:Hoover Institution Press.
  22. Foucault, M.(1980).Power/knowledge, selected interviews & other writings, 1972-1977.New York:Pantheon Books.
  23. Gibson, M.,Ogbu, J.(1991).Minority status and schooling: A comparative study of immigrant and involuntary minorities.New York:Garland.
  24. Ginzburg, C.(1993).Microhistory: Two or three things that I know about it.Critical Inquiry,20(1),10-35.
  25. Giroux, H.A.(1981).In H. A. Giroux, A.N. Penna, & W.F. Pinar (Eds.), Curriculum and instruction: Alternatives in education.Berkeley:McCutchan.
  26. Hodgson, M.(1993).Rethinking world history: Essays on Europe, Islam, and world history.Cambridge [England]:Cambridge University Press.
  27. Kenway, J.(1990).In S. J. Ball (Ed.), Foucault and education: Disciplines and knowledge.London:Routledge.
  28. Kirst, M.W.(1984).Who controls our schools?: American values in conflict.New York:W.H. Freeman and Company.
  29. Kliebard, H.M.(2002).Changing course: American curriculum in the 20th century.New York:Routledge.
  30. Kliebard, H.M.(1986).The struggle of the American curriculum, 1893-1958.New York:Routledge.
  31. Kliebard, H.M.,Wegner, G.(2002).Changing course: American curriculum in the 20th century.New York:Routledge.
  32. Levstik, L. S.(1993).Advances in research on teaching, vol. 4, Research in elementary social studies.Greenwich, CT:JAI Press.
  33. McLaren, P.(2003).Life in schools: An introduction to critical pedagogy in the foundations of education.Boston:Allyn and Bacon.
  34. McLaren, P.(1995).Critical pedagogy and predatory culture: Oppositional politics in a postmodern era.New York:Routledge.
  35. Nash, G.(1986).The private side of American history: Readings in everyday life.San Diego:Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
  36. Nash, G. B.,Crabtree, C.,Dunn, R. E.(1997).History on trial :Culture wars and the teaching of the past.New York:Knopf.
  37. National Endowment for the Humanities
  38. Ornstein, A.C.,Hunkins, F.P.(2004).Curriculum: Foundations, principles, and issues.Boston:Allyn and Bacon.
  39. Ravitch, D.(2000).Left back: A century of failed school reforms.New York:Simon & Schuster.
  40. Riley, R.W.(1995).Reflections on Goals 2000.Teachers College Records,93(3),380-388.
  41. Risinger, F.(1993).The core ideas of "lessons from history.
  42. Shepard, L. A.(2001).Handbook of research on teaching.New York:American Educational Research Association.
  43. Shor, I.(1997).Culture wars: School and society in the conservative restoration 1969-1984.Boston:Routledge & K. Paul.
  44. Sleeter, C.,Grant, C.(1991).Politics of the textbook.New York:Routledge.
  45. Spring, J.(1994).The American school, 1642-1993.New York:McGraw-Hill.
  46. Spring, J.(2004).American education.New York:McGraw-Hill.
  47. Spring, J.(1990).The American school, 1642-1990.New York:McGraw-Hill.
  48. Spring, J.(1996).American education.New York:McGraw-Hill.
  49. Symcox, L.(2002).Whose history?:The struggle for national standards in American classrooms.New York:Teachers College Press.
  50. Tanner, D.,Tanner, L.(1990).History of the school curriculum.New York:MacMillan.
  51. Tyack, D.,Cuban, L.(1995).Tinkering toward utopia: A century of public school reform.Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press.
  52. Urban, W.,Wagoner, J.(1996).American education: A history.New York:McGraw-Hill.
  53. White, H.(1987).The content of the form : Narrative discourse and historical representation.Baltimore:Johns Hopkins University Press.
  54. Wilson, S. M.(2001).Handbook of research on teaching.New York:American Educational Research Association.
  55. 方德隆譯、A. C. Ornstein、F. P. Hunkins著(2004)。課程基礎理論(Foundations of curriculum)。台北:高等教育。
  56. 王志弘、張淑玫譯、L. A. Fillingham 著(1995)。傅柯(Foucault for beginners)。台北:時報文化。
  57. 田培林(1953)。教育史。台北:正中。
  58. 朱建東等譯、W. H. McNeill 著(1991)。西洋通史(World history)。台北:五南。
  59. 江政寬譯、K. Jenkins 著(2000)。後現代史學(On “What is history”: From Carr and Elton to Rorty and White)。臺北:麥田。
  60. 江政寬譯、L. Hunt 編(2002)。新文化史(The new cultural history)。臺北:麥田。
  61. 吳象嬰、梁赤民譯、L. S. Stavrianos 著(1999)。全球通史(The world since 1500: A global history)。上海:上海社會科學院出版社。
  62. 果仁譯、Arnold Toynbee著(1976)。世界與西方(The World and West)。台北:牧童。
  63. 林淑貞(1996)。美國全國性中小學課程標準建立對我國課程革新之啟示。國立編譯館通訊,9(1),25-30。
  64. 林寶山編譯(1984)。國家在危機之中:美國的教育改革計畫(A nation at risk: The imperative for educational reform)。高雄:復文。
  65. 徐文瑞譯、Richard Rorty著(2003)。偶然、反諷與團結(Contingency, irony, and solidarity)。北京:商務印書館。
  66. 郭寶渝(1992)。收於何思因主編,美國。台北:國立政治大學國際關係研究中心。
  67. 郭寶渝譯、UCLA National Center for History in the Schools 編(1996)。美國幼稚園--四年級歷史科課程標準: 拓展兒童對世界時空的認識(National standards for history: Exploring for grades K-4)。台北:教育部。
  68. 郭寶渝譯、UCLA National Center for History in the Schools 編(1996)。美國歷史科國家課程標準:探討美國經驗(National standards for history: Exploring the American experience)。台北:教育部。
  69. 陳伯璋(2001)。新世紀課程改革的省思與挑戰。台北:師大書苑。
  70. 陳麗華、王鳳敏譯、National Council for the Social Studies 編(1996)。美國社會科課程標準(Curriculum standards for Social Studies: Expectations of excellence)。台北:教育部。
  71. 單文經(1988)。收於單文經,美國教育研究—師資培育及課程與教學。台北:師大書苑。
  72. 楊慶麟(1996)。美國教育新聯邦主義。教育資料文摘,38,148-155。
  73. 楊豫(2000)。西洋史學史。台北:昭明。
  74. 齊文穎等譯、E. Foner 編(1998)。新美國歷史(The new American history)。北京:北京師範大學出版。
  75. 劉德美譯、UCLA National Center for History in the Schools 編(1996)。美國歷史科--世界史國家課程標準:探索通往現在之路(National standards for world history: Exploring paths to the present)。台北:教育部。
  76. 劉慶仁(2000)。美國教育改革研究。台北:國立教育資料館。
  77. 盧建榮(1996)。收於賈士蘅(譯),Keith Jenkins 著 歷史再思考(Re-thinking history)。台北:麥田。
  78. 賴建城譯注、Guy Bourdé、Hervé Martin著(1986)。年鑑學派(Annales school)。史學評論,12,159-195。
  79. 錢俊譯、H. L. Dreyfus、P. Rabinow著(1992)。傅柯—超越結構主義與詮釋學(Michel Foucault: Beyond structuralism and Hermeneutics)。台北:桂冠。
被引用次数
  1. 單文經(2014)。書評《課堂中的歷史戰爭:全球觀點》。當代教育研究季刊,22(3),169-183。
  2. 單文經(2017)。19、20 世紀之交美國中學歷史單獨設科與社會合科演變的歷史分析。教科書研究,10(2),33-66。
  3. 劉哲瑋、單文經(2018)。《書評》:《彼時與此時的歷史教學:學校恆定與變革的故事》。當代教育研究季刊,26(2),109-120。
  4. 楊淑晴、黃麗蓉(2011)。中學生歷史思維能力之探究:歷史觀點取替模式的應用。教育科學研究期刊,56(4),129-153。
  5. 鍾鴻銘(2017)。美國課程史研究的過去與未來:兼論對臺灣課程史研究的啟示。嘉大教育研究學刊,39,83-114。
  6. (2014)。國小社會領域教科書政治軍事類型人物學習內容之探究-以臺灣史為例。臺灣教育社會學研究,14(1),135-177。
  7. (2014)。由課程改革觀點與課綱發展原則談高中課綱微調之爭議。教育研究月刊,244,18-30。
  8. (2018)。國小社會領域教科書時序概念教材之探究:以第1-4 冊為例。教育研究學報,52(2),1-20。
  9. (2020)。圖像排序法在國小中年級社會領域時序與證據概念教學的應用。市北教育學刊,66,68-104。