英文摘要
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Article 159-4, Subparagraph 1 of Criminal Procedure Code provides that official document is hearsay exception, however, as the Judicial Interpretation of No. 582 mandates confrontation protection, it is unclear whether the public document in Subparagraph 1 of Article 159-4 of the Criminal Procedure Code could restrict the criminal defendant’s right to confront. After reviewing the developments of the Confrontation Clause in the Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution, this study suggests that the admissibility of out-of-court statements should be decided upon the main purpose as well as the testimonial nature of the out-of-court statements. While a hearsay exception may not necessarily be a confrontation exception, the admissibility of the official document, as exemplified by the notarial document, depends upon if the out-of-court statement is testimonial. When the out-of-court statement is non-testimonial, it is admissible if it qualifies as a hearsay exception. On the contrary, it must satisfy the Confrontation Clause to be admissible at a criminal trial as it is testimonial.
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