多面向的臺灣兒童貧窮趨勢：SST指標的應用及分解

Multi-Dimensional Trends of Child Poverty in Taiwan-Application and Decompositionof the SST Index

10.6171/ntuswr2008.18.05

李秀如(Shou-Lu Lee)；王德睦(Te-Mu Wang)

兒童貧窮 ； SST ； 貧窮率 ； 貧窮深度 ； 不均度 ； child poverty ； SST ； poverty rate ； poverty gap ； Gini index

臺大社會工作學刊

18期（2008 / 12 / 01）

191 - 229

繁體中文

現存兒童貧窮的相關文獻，大多以兒童「貧窮率」的指標，來呈現兒童貧窮的問題；不同於這些研究，本文以行政院主計處從1979年至2005年的「家庭收支調查」資料，將Osberg與Xu(2000)就總和性SST(Sen-Shorrocks-Thon)貧窮強度(poverty intensity)指標的修正，運用至兒童貧窮的測量。以兒童貧窮強度、貧窮率、貧窮深度及不均度，來測量臺灣兒童貧窮的長期趨勢及多元的面向。 本文的實證結果發現：臺灣兒童的貧窮強度，在研究期間內，以1980年代末期至1990年代初期的強度最強，代表這一段期間的兒童貧窮問題最為嚴重。而這樣的變動，主要是受到貧窮率及貧窮深度變化的影響，其中，又以貧窮深度變化的影響最大。但是，值得關注的是，不均度指標與其它指標呈現相反的走向，在1980年代末期至1990年代初期，不均度最低，代表在這一段期間內，兒童之間貧富差異最小。

Most existing studies use child poverty rates to gauge the severity of child poverty problems. In contrast to these studies, this paper modifies the elaborated SST (Sen-Shorrocks-Thon) index of poverty intensity by Osberg & Xu (2000) to depict the multi-dimensions of child poverty in Taiwan and their long-term trends. Using the data of Income and Expenditure Survey, this paper computes the values of the SST index and its three constituents, child poverty rates, average poverty gap ratios among the poor children, and the Gini index values of poverty gap ratios among all children, in Taiwan from 1979 to 2005. The SST index reached its highest levels and indicated the worst levels of child poverty in late 1980s and early 1990s among the entire studied period. The SST fluctuations are driven by variations of poverty rates and mostly by changes of average poverty gap ratios. Strikingly the Gini index portrays a totally different picture. The Gini index hit its lowest levels and revealed the lowest inequality in the distribution of poverty gap ratios among children in late 1980s and early 1990s.

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