题名

觀護人對測謊在性侵害加害人觀護效能之知覺研究

并列篇名

Probation and Parole Officers' Perceptions of the Effectiveness of Polygraph Testing in Sex Offender Supervision

DOI

10.6171/ntuswr2012.26.03

作者

李育政(Yu-Jeng Li)；林明傑(Min-Chieh Lin)

关键词

性侵害加害人 ； 測謊 ； 觀護 ； 觀護人 ； sex offender ； polygraph ； supervision ； probation and parole officer

期刊名称

臺大社會工作學刊

卷期/出版年月

26期（2012 / 12 / 01）

页次

87 - 137

内容语文

繁體中文
中文摘要

綜觀國內外探究測謊於性侵害加害人觀護與治療效益的研究，多以量化方式呈現，缺乏從質化的角度深入瞭解測謊的功能，以及其如何運用於性侵害加害人觀護中。因此，本研究旨從觀護人的視角，探究其如何覺知測謊在性侵害加害人觀護中的效能。研究者以分層立意抽樣法，選取七名觀護人進行深度訪談，並採取主題分析法作為分析質性資料的策略。本研究發現，測謊具有心理嚇阻的作用，而觀護人進一步運用該功能，將測謊作為制訂或調整觀護計畫的重要工具。惟囿於測謊有其限制存在，觀護人並未將測謊視為處遇加害人的唯一重要措施。另一方面，研究者以操作制約解釋測謊於形成加害人內在制約的歷程，並針對觀護人運作測謊的方式及所需注意的議題，進行討論。研究者亦一併提供未來研究的可行方向，以及相關處遇人員在測謊實務運作上之建議。
英文摘要

Previous studies chiefly focused on the quantitative effectiveness of polygraph testing in sex offender supervision and treatment. However, qualitative studies examining the function and practical use of polygraph testing are in their infancy. Hence, the current study aims to explore how probation and parole officers perceive the effectiveness of polygraph testing in sex offender supervision from a qualitative perspective. Using stratified purposeful sampling, this study collected qualitative data from in-depth interviews with seven probation and parole officers. These data were further analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings indicate polygraph testing acts as a psychological deterrent, and therefore probation and parole officers utilize polygraph testing as an important tool in making or adjusting supervision plans. However, in light of the limitations of polygraph testing, probation and parole officers do not regard polygraph testing as the only important supervisory measure. On the other hand, operant conditioning is presented to explain the shaping process of the offender's internal conditioning resulting from polygraph testing. The ways probation and parole officers use polygraph testing and related issues are discussed. The authors also make recommendations for future research and practitioners' use of polygraph testing in sex offender supervision and treatment.
主题分类 社會科學 > 社會學
参考文献
  1. 王郁文、修慧蘭(2008)。性侵害加害人否認行為之研究。中華輔導與諮商學報，23，177-211。
    連結：
  2. 沈勝昂、林明傑(2007)。變與不變：性侵害再犯「穩定動態危險因子」與「急性動態危險因子」的關係。犯罪學期刊，10(2)，1-28。
    連結：
  3. 蔡景宏、龍佛衛、曾東勝(2006)。測謊於性侵害受刑犯否認態度之應用。台灣精神醫學，20(4)，264-271。
    連結：
  4. American Polygraph Association. (2009, May 26). Model policy for post-conviction sex offender testing. Retrieved from http://www.polygraph.org/files/Model_Policy_for_Post-Conviction_Sex_Offender_Testing.doc
  5. Offender Management Act. (2007, July 26). Retrieved from http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2007/21/pdfs/ukpga_20070021_en.pdf
  6. 性侵害犯罪付保護管束加害人測謊實施辦法（2012）。取自 http://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?Pcode=I0010025
  7. 法務部（2012）。〈法務統計年報〉。取自http://www.moj.gov.tw/site/moj/public/MMO/moj/stat/yearbook/ER0003-354-401.pdf
  8. 司法院（2005）。最高法院刑事判決94年台上字第4391號
  9. Ahlmeyer, S.,Heil, P.,McKee, B.,English, K.(2000).The impact of polygraphy on admissions of victims and offenses in adult sexual offenders.Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment,12,123-138.
  10. Aos, S.,Philpps, P.,Barnoski, R.,Lieb, R.(2001).The comparative costs and benefits of programs to reduce crime.Olympia, WA:Washington State Institute for Public Policy.
  11. Aronson, J.(1994).A pragmatic view of thematic analysis.The Qualitative Report,2(1)
  12. Association for the Treatment of Sexual Abusers(2005).Practice standards and guidelines for the evaluation, treatment and management of adult male sexual abusers.Beaverton, OR:Author.
  13. Ben-Shakhar, G.(2008).The case against the use of polygraph examinations to monitor post-conviction sex offenders.Legal and Criminological Psychology,13(2),191-207.
  14. Braun, V.,Clarke, V.(2006).Using thematic analysis in psychology.Qualitative Research in Psychology,3(2),77-101.
  15. British Psychological Society(2004).A review of the current scientific status and fields od application of polygraphic deception detection.London, England:Author.
  16. Center for Sex Offender Management(2000).Community supervision of the sex offender: An overview of current and promising practices.Silver Spring, MD:Author.
  17. Colorado Sex Offender Management Board(2008).Standards and guidelines for the assessment, evaluation, treatment and behavioral monitoring of adult sex offenders.Denver, CO:Colorado Department of Public Safety.
  18. Cooley-Towell, S.,Pasini-Hill, D.,Patrick, D.(2000).The value of the post-conviction polygraph: The importance of sanctions.Polygraph,29,6-19.
  19. Cross, T. P.,Saxe, L.(2001).Polygraph testing and sexual abuse: The lure of the magic lasso.Child Maltreatment,6(3),195-206.
  20. De Jong, P.,Berg, I. K.(2001).Co-constructing cooperation with mandated clients.Social Work,46,361-374.
  21. English, K.(1998).The containment approach: An aggressive strategy for the community management of adult sex offenders.Psychology, Public Policy, and Law,4(1-2),218-235.
  22. Firestone, P.,Bradford, J. M.,McCoy, M.,Greenberg, D. M.,Larose, M. R.,Curru, S.(1999).Prediction of recidivism in incest offenders.Journal of Interpersonal Violence,14(5),511-531.
  23. Gannon, T. A.,Beech, A. R.,Ward, T.(2008).Does the polygraph lead to better risk prediction for sexual offenders?.Aggression and Violent Behavior,13(1),29-44.
  24. Golafsani, N.(2003).Understanding reliability and validity in qualitative research.The Qualitative Report,8,597-607.
  25. Grubin, D.(2008).The case for polygraph testing of sex offenders.Legal and Criminological Psychology,13,177-189.
  26. Grubin, D.(2010).A trial of voluntary polygraphy testing in 10 English probation areas.Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment,22,266-278.
  27. Grubin, D.,Madsen, L.(2006).Accuracy and utility of post-conviction polygraph testing of sex offenders.British Journal of Psychiatry,188,479-483.
  28. Grubin, D.,Madsen, L.,Parson, S.,Sosnowski, D.,Warberg, B.(2004).A prospective study of the impact of polygraphy on high-risk behaviors in adult sex offenders.Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment,16(3),209-222.
  29. Hanson, R. K.(2002).Recidivism and age: Follow-up data from 4,673 sexual offenders.Journal of Interpersonal Violence,17(10),1046-1062.
  30. Hanson, R. K.,Bussière, M. T.(1998).Predicting relapse: A meta-analysis of sexual offender recidivism studies.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,66,348-362.
  31. Hanson, R. K.,Harris, A. J. R.(2000).Where should we intervene? Dynamic predictors of sexual offense recidivism.Criminal Justice and Behavior,27,6-35.
  32. Hanson, R. K.,Harris, A. J. R.,Scott, T.-L.,Helmus, L.(2007).Assessing the risk of sexual offenders on community supervision: The dynamic supervision project.Ottawa, ON:Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness Canada.
  33. Hanson, R. K.,Morton-Bourgon, K. E.(2005).The characteristics of persistent sexual offenders: A meta-analysis of recidivism studies.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,73,1154-1163.
  34. Harris, G. T.,Rice, M. E.(2003).Actuarial assessment of risk among sex offenders.Annals of the New York Academy of Science,989,198-210.
  35. Harrison, J. S.,Kirkpatrick, B.(2000).Polygraph testing and behavioral change with sex offenders in an outpatient setting: An exploratory study.Polygraph,29,20-26.
  36. Heil, P.,Ahlmeyer, S.,Simons, D.(2003).Crossover sexual offenses.Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment,15(4),221-236.
  37. Hindman, J.,Peters, J. M.(2001).Polygraph testing leads to better understanding adult and juvenile sex offenders.Federal Probation,65,8-15.
  38. Iacono, W. G.(2001).Forensic lie detection: Procedures without scientific basis.Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice,1(1),75-86.
  39. Jung, S.,Nunes, K. L.(2012).Denial and its relationship with treatment perceptions among sex offenders.Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology,23,485-496.
  40. Kassin, S.,Fein, S.,Markus, H. R.(2008).Social psychology.Belmont, CA:Wadsworth Cengage Learning.
  41. King, W. R.,Dunn, T. M.(2010).Detecting deception in field settings: A review and critique of the criminal justice and psychological literatures.Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management,33,305-320.
  42. Koch, T.(2006).Establishing rigour in qualitative research: The decision trail.Journal of Advanced Nursing,53,91-100.
  43. Kokish, R.(2003).The current role of post-conviction sex offender polygraph testing in sex offender treatment.Journal of Child Sexual Abuse,12(3/4),175-194.
  44. Kokish, R.,Levenson, J. S.,Blasingame, G. D.(2005).Post-conviction sex offender polygraph examination: Client-reported perceptions of utility and accuracy.Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment,17(2),211-221.
  45. Levenson, J. S.(2009).Sex offender polygraph examination: An evidence-based case management tool for social workers.Journal of Evidence-Based Social Work,6(4),361-375.
  46. Levenson, J. S.,Macgowan, M. J.(2004).Engagement, denial, and treatment progress among sex offenders in group therapy.Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment,16(1),49-63.
  47. Long, T.,Johnson, M.(2000).Rigour, reliability and validity in qualitative research.Clinical Effectiveness in Nursing,4(1),30-37.
  48. Madsen, L.,Parsons, S.,Grubin, D.(2004).A preliminary study of the contribution of periodic polygraph testing to the treatment and supervision of sex offenders.Journal of Forensic Psychoiatry & Psychology,15(4),682-695.
  49. Marshall, W. L.(2005).Therapist style in sexual offender treatment: Influence on incides of change.Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment,17(2),109-116.
  50. Marshall, W. L.,Serran, G.,Moulden, H.,Mully, R.,Fernandez, Y. M.,Mann, R.,Thornton, D.(2002).Therapist features in sexual offender treatment: Their reliable identification an influence on behaviour change.Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy,9(6),395-405.
  51. Marshall, W. L.,Ward, T.,Mann, R. E.,Moulden, H.,Fernandez, Y. M.,Serran, G.,Marshall, L. E.(2005).Working positively with sexual offenders: Maximizing the effectiveness of treatment.Journal of Interpersonal Violence,20,1096-1114.
  52. McGrath, R. J.,Cumming, G. F.,Burchard, B. L.,Zeoli, S.,Ellerby, L.(2010).Current practices and emerging trends in sexual abuser management: The safer society 2009 North American survey.Brandon, VT:Safer Society Press.
  53. McGrath, R. J.,Cumming, G. F.,Hoke, S. E.,Bonn-Miller, M. O.(2007).Outcomes in a community sex offender treatment program: A comparison between polygraphed and matched non-polygraphed offenders.Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment,19(4),381-393.
  54. Meijer, E. H.,Verschuere, B.,Merckelbach, H. L. G. J.,Crombez, G.(2008).Sex offender management using the polygraph: A critical review.International Journal of Law and Psychiatry,31,423-429.
  55. Miltenberger, R.(2008).Behavior modification: Principles and procedures.Belmont, CA:Wadsworth.
  56. National Research Council(2003).The polygraph and lie detection.Washington, DC:The National Academies Press.
  57. Patton, M. Q.(2002).Qualitative research and evaluation methods.Thousand Oaks, CA:Sage.
  58. Porter, S.,Woodworth, M.,Birt, A. R.(2000).Truth, lies, and videotape: An investigation of the ability of federal parole officers to detect deception.Law and Human Behavior,24,643-658.
  59. Robinson, G.,Raynor, P.(2006).The future of rehabilitation: What role for the probation service?.Probation Journal,53,334-346.
  60. Roese, N. J.,Jamieson, D. W.(1993).Twenty years of bogus pipeline research: A critical review and meta-analysis.Psychological Bulletin,114,363-375.
  61. Saxe, L.,Dougherty, D.,Cross, T.(1985).The validity of polygraph testing: Scientific analysis and public controversy.American Psychologist,40,355-366.
  62. Schneider, S. L.,Wright, R. C.(2004).Understanding denial in sexual offenders: A review of cognitive and motivational processes to avoid responsibility.Trauma, Violence & Abuse,5(1),3-20.
  63. Schutt, R. K.(2006).Investigating the social world: The process and practice of research.Thousand Oaks, CA:Pine Forge Press.
  64. Vrij, A.(2004).Why professionals fail to catch liars and how they can improve.Legal and Criminological Psychology,9(2),159-181.
  65. Wilcox, D. T.(ed.)(2009).The use of the polygraph in assessing, treating and supervising sex offenders: A practitioner's guide.Chichester, England:John Wiley & Sons.
  66. 朱惠英譯、郭凡奇譯、Trotter, C.(2008)。如何與非自願個案工作。台北:張老師文化。
  67. 沈勝昂、翁景惠(2003)。內政部九十二年度委託研究報告內政部九十二年度委託研究報告,內政部。
  68. 林故廷(2010)。性侵害加害人預防性測謊與臺灣現況。亞洲家庭暴力與性侵害期刊，6(1)，87-104。
  69. 林故廷(2009)。性侵害加害人社區再犯監控測謊之運用。刑事雙月刊，30，48-51。
  70. 林故廷、翁景惠(2003)。測謊一百問。臺中:書佑。
  71. 高一書(2005)。測謊可以硬來嗎？。刑事雙月刊，5，54-57。
  72. 張淑慧(2009)。司法社會工作概述。社區發展季刊，128，155-168。
  73. 陳振煜(2006)。性侵害犯罪者之監控治療─美國測謊之旅。刑事雙月刊，10，34-36。
print cancel