题名

跨國社福移工的訓練與在地經驗：社會融合觀點

并列篇名

Migrant Social Welfare Workers' Training and Localization Experiences in Long-term Care Facilities: A Social Inclusion View

DOI

10.6171/ntuswr.201906_(39).0004

作者

王潔媛(Chieh-Yuan Wang)

关键词

長期照顧機構 ； 外籍看護工 ； 照顧品質 ； 在職訓練 ； long-term care facilities ； foreign care workers ； care quality ； on-the- job training

期刊名称

臺大社會工作學刊

卷期/出版年月

39期（2019 / 06 / 01）

页次

153 - 204

内容语文

繁體中文
中文摘要

照顧人力不足為推展長照服務主要困境，政府開放外籍看護工進入老人照護體制。本文檢視外籍看護工參與訓練現況，以機構勞動情境為主軸，分析影響教育訓練執行因素。本文採用質性研究，以半結構式深度訪談及田野觀察蒐集資料，研究對象為北部四家長照機構，訪談對象為外籍看護工及負責人、護理師、社工員、照服員。研究結果顯示長照機構直接照顧工作之分派與執行完全仰賴外籍看護工，來臺前在母國職前訓練多無法銜接及適用，外籍看護工之聘僱及訓練管理皆仰賴機構治理，透過「重整重訓」以達獨立工作目標；機構之組織型態與差異影響人力培訓與執行成效。研究建議訓練教材之設計與評值需考量外籍看護工在文化及語意的差異，訓練內容需融合照顧情境，增加臨床應用性。未來宜透過公私協力，制定照顧技術指導之工作標準，透過合宜訓練之建置，發展及建構外籍看護工在臺社會融合之重要機制。
英文摘要

The shortage of caregivers is a primary obstacle for promoting long-term care services in Taiwan. The Taiwanese government therefore opened up the foreign care workers (FCWs) association to enter the formal elderly care systems. The aim of this research was to analyze the current situation of FCWs participating in training, focusing on labor situations, and analyzing the factors affecting the implementation of education and training. This research applied qualitative methods, using field observations and in-depth interviews to collect data. Four long-term care facilities participated in this study. The subjects are foreign care workers and administrators, social workers and nursing staff. The study results revealed that the care work of long-term care facilities depends entirely on FCWs in Taiwan. Although the FCWs were trained before they came to Taiwan, their effectiveness was not as expected. Facilities need to pay attention to FCWs' recruitment training management and provide a comprehensive training program for them. Organizational differences affect the effectiveness of the implementation of on-the-job training. Finally, this research suggests that the design and evaluation of training materials need to consider the cultural and semantic differences of FCWs, as well as to evaluate the requirements of FCWs and the efficiency of training course. The standard operating procedures given to the FCWs need to be developed, along with government and private sectors cooperation. Establishing appropriate training has become an important mechanism for promoting the social inclusion needs of FCWs.
主题分类 社會科學 > 社會學
参考文献
  1. 尤素芬, S.-F.,鄭慧珠, H.-C.(2011)。移工健康服務之行動研究：iACT—楠梓移工健康協作網絡發展之經驗分析。社會政策與社會工作學刊，15(2)，1-38。
    連結：
  2. 王潔媛, C.-Y.,楊培珊, P. S.(2018)。「客工」？臺灣小型長期照顧機構外籍看護工之照顧勞動。社會政策與社會工作學刊，22(2)，95-134。
    連結：
  3. 呂寶靜, P.-C.,陳正芬, C.-F.(2009)。我國居家照顧服務員職業證照與培訓制度之探究：從英國和日本的作法反思台灣。社會政策與社會工作學刊，13(1)，185-233。
    連結：
  4. 趙懋武, M.-W.,謝嫣娉, Y.-P.,葉怡嘉, Y.-C.,蔡玉純, H.-Y.,張世杰, S.-C.(2015)。長期照顧機構照服員生活滿意度與工作中輔具使用之關聯性探討。若瑟醫護雜誌，9(1)，7-19。
    連結：
  5. 齊于箴, Y.-C.,劉芳, M -F.,蕭伃伶, Y.-L.(2017)。照顧服務員的失智症照護知識與態度之探討。長期照護雜誌，21(1)，37-52。
    連結：
  6. 蔡淑鳳, S-F.,陳文意, W-Y.,林育秀, Y.-H.,梁亞文, Y.-W.(2013)。台灣地區長期照護機構女性照顧服務員工作壓力源與工作適應、離職意願之研究。台灣公共衛生雜誌，32(5)，476-490。
    連結：
  7. 龔玉齡, Y.-L.,張瀝分, L.-F.,陳麗珠, L.-J.(2009)。台南市護理之家「照顧服務員」專業能力需求之研究。嘉南學報，35，596-610。
    連結：
  8. Anderson, R. A.,Corazzini, K.,McDaniel, R. R.(2004).Complexity science and the dynamics of climate and communication: Reducing nursing home turnover.The Gerontologist,44(3),378-388.
  9. Asian Migrant Centre. (2016). The technical intern training programme. Retrieved from https://www.microsofttranslato.com/bv.aspx?from=en&to=zh-CHT&a=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.asianmigrantcentre.org%2Fjapan
  10. Atsushi, K.(2015).Migration and law in Japan.Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies,2(1),155-168.
  11. Bowers, B. J.,Esmond, S.,Jacobson, N.(2000).The relationship between staffing and quality in long-term care facilities: Exploring the views of nurse aides.Journal of Nursing Care Quality,14(4),55-64.
  12. Chen, C. F.(2016).Insiders and outsiders: Policy and care workers in Taiwan's long-term care system.Ageing and Society,36(10),2090-2116.
  13. Crogan, N. L.,Shultz, J. A.(2000).Nursing assistants’ perceptions of barriers to nutrition care for residents in long-term care facilities.Nurses in Staff Development,16(5),216-221.
  14. Easterbrook, L.(1999).When we are very old: Reflections on treatment care and support of older people.London:King's Fund.
  15. Edwards, R.(1979).Contested terrain: The transformation of the workplace in the twentieth century.New York:Basic Books.
  16. Forbes-Thompson, S.,Gajewski, B.,Scott-Cawiezell, J.,Dnton, N.(2006).An exploration of nursing home organizational processes.Western Journal of Nursing Research,28(8),935-954.
  17. Francesca, C.,Ana, L. N.,Jérôme, M.,Frits, T.(2011).OECD health policy studies Help wanted? Providing and paying for long-term care.Paris:OECD Publishing.
  18. Grant, L. A.,Kane, R. A.,Potthoff, S. J.,Ryden, M.(1996).Staff training and turnover in Alzheimer special care units: Comparisons with non-special care units.Geriatric Nursing,17(6),278-282.
  19. Han, K.,Trinkoff, A. M.,Storr, C. L.,Lerner, N.,Johantgen, M.,Gartrell, K.(2014).Associations between state regulations, training length, perceived quality and job satisfaction among certified nursing assistants: Cross-sectional secondary data analysis.International Journal of Nursing Studies,51(8),1135-1141.
  20. Jiska, C. M.(1997).Turnover among nursing home staff: A review.Nursing Management,28(5),59-64.
  21. Karabel, J.(Ed.),Halsey, A. H.(Ed.)(1997).Power and ideology in education.Oxford:Oxford University Press.
  22. Keyes, C. L. M.(1998).Social well-being.Social Psychology Quarterly,61(2),121-140.
  23. Lan, P. C.(2016).Deferential surrogates and professional others: Recruitment and training of migrant care workers in Taiwan and Japan.Positions: Asia Critique,24(1),253-279.
  24. Lerner, N.,Resnick, B.,Galik, E.,Flynn, L(2010).A step by step approach to improving job satisfaction and reducing turnover in nursing assistants in nursing homes.The Director,18(3),41-48.
  25. Lincoln, Y. S.,Guba, E. G.(1985).Naturalistic inquiry.Newbury Park, CA:Sage Publications, Inc..
  26. Mental Health Commission(2009).Mental health and social inclusion concepts and measurements.Wellington, New Zealand:Author.
  27. Mickus, M.,Luz, C.,Hogan, A.(2004).Voices from the front: Recruitment and retention of direct care workers in long term care across Michigan.Lansing, MI:Michigan State University.
  28. Miyamoto, Y.,Tachimori, H.,Ito, H.(2010).Formal caregiver burden in dementia impact of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia and activities of daily living.Geriatric Nursing,31(4),246-253.
  29. Ogawa, R.(2010).Migration of Indonesian care workers under the Japan-Indonesia Economic Partnership Agreement: From the qualitative and quantitative surveys.Urban Policy Studies,4,61-73.
  30. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development(2011).Help wanted? Providing and paying for long-term care.Paris:OECD Publishing.
  31. Portes, A.(1995).The economic sociology of immigration: Essays on networks, ethnicity, and entrepreneurship.New York:Russel Sage Foundation.
  32. Silver, H.(2016).Understanding social inclusion and its meaning for Australia.Australian Journal of Social Issues,45(2),183-211.
  33. Tsukada, N.(2016)。Japanese elderly caring system。2016 International conference of Taiwan association of gerontology health, well-being and care in old age，Taipei, Taiwan:
  34. U.S. Department of Labor(1981).Selected characteristics of occupations defined in the dictionary of occupational titles.Washington, DC:US Government.
  35. Williams, F.(2012).Converging variations in migrant care work in Europe.Journal of European Social Policy,22(4),363-376.
  36. Wu、 C. J.,Lee, W. K.,Lin, W. J.,Wai, Y. W.(2011).Factors affecting the burden on foreign caregivers of long-term disabled survivors in Taiwan.Taiwan Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation,39,1-8.
  37. 于承平, C.-P.,林俞均, Y.-J.(2011)。新加坡發展尊嚴勞動對我國的啟示。台灣勞動評論，3(2)，253-284。
  38. 中央通訊社（2018）。〈外勞人數破 70 萬大關—勞部：正向發展〉。取自https://www.msn.com/zh-tw/news/living/外勞人數破 70 萬大關-勞部正向發展/ar-BBPTPxY 【Central News Agency (2018). Foreign Workers the number exceeded 700,000-Ministry of Labor: Positive development. Retrieved from https://www.msn.com/zh-tw/news/living/外勞人數破 70 萬大關-勞部正向發展/ar-BBPTPxY】
  39. 王文良, W.-L.,盧一帆, Y.-F.,張宏哲, H.-J.,劉安琪, A.-C.(2006)。利用 PZB 與 FAHP 於養護機構服務品質評估之研究。健康管理學刊，4(1)，103-120。
  40. 王玉雪, Y.-H.,郭慧雯, H.-W.,蔡梅玉, M.-Y.,郭淑娟, S.-C.(2001)。病患服務員訓練課程對其照護行為影響之研究。長期照護雜誌，5(1)，65-78。
  41. 王潔媛, C.-Y.(2016)。Taipei, Taiwan，國立臺灣大學社會工作研究所=National Taiwan University。
  42. 台灣失智症協會=Taiwan Alzheimer's Disease Association(2004)。行政院衛生署九十三年度委託台灣失智症協會研究計畫行政院衛生署九十三年度委託台灣失智症協會研究計畫,未出版
  43. 外籍勞工新聞通訊社（2012）。〈杜絕外勞訓練訓練時數浮報〉。取自http://flnews.sea.com.tw/public_nm.asp?tpPage=3# 【Foreign Workers News Agency. (2012). Prohibited labor training at the time of exercise training. Retrieved from http://flnews.sea.com.tw/public_nm.asp?tpPage=3#】
  44. 成之約（2009）。《國際勞工組織對於因應全球化與自由化的建議》。臺北：行政院勞工委員會。取自 http://www.cla.gov.tw/site/45cc121a/4b71250c/4b98927d/files/2-7.pdf 【Cheng, C.-Y. (2009). International Labour Organization proposal on Globalization and Liberalization. Retrieved from http://www.cla.gov.tw/site/45cc121a/4b71250c/4b98927d/files/2-7.pdf】
  45. 江孟冠, M.-G.(2002)。Taipei, Taiwan，國立臺灣大學醫學院護理研究所=National Taiwan University。
  46. 吳忠吉, C.-C.,成之約, C.-Y.,辛炳隆, P.-L.,王惠玲, H.-L.(2003).勞動經濟學.臺北=Taipei:國立空中大學=National Open University.
  47. 吳秉恩, B.-E.,黃良志, L.-D.,黃家齊, J.-C.,溫金豐, J.-F.,廖文志, J.-F.,韓志翔, T.-S.(2017).人力資源管理：理論與實務.臺北=Taipei, Taiwan:華泰=Hwa Tai Publishing.
  48. 李怡娟, I.-C.,吳麗瑜, L.-Y.,張麗春, L.-C.,陳俞琪, Y.-C.(2005)。充能式教育在長期照護機構的應用—以安養護機構中的外籍照顧服務員為對象。護理雜誌，52(6)，23-29。
  49. 杜麗珍, L.-C.,林藍萍, L.-P.,林金定, J.-D.(2002)。老人養護機構照護提供者工作壓力與健康初探。台灣老人保健學刊，3，72-82。
  50. 徐亞瑛, Y.-I.(2008)。失智症各期之照護需求與服務使用情形之探討。「高齡社會的來臨：成果發表暨學術研討會」論文集，臺北=Taipei, Taiwan:
  51. 張晉芬, C.-F.(2014).勞動社會學.臺北=Taipei, Taiwan:政大出版社=Chengchi University Press.
  52. 張菁芬, C.-F.(2005).社會排除現象與對策：歐盟的經驗分析.Taipei, Taiwan:松慧文化=Song-Hui Publishing Company.
  53. 梁家欣, K-I.,程蘊菁, Y-C.,陳人豪, J.-H.(2014)。失智症之重點回顧。內科學誌，25(3)，151-157。
  54. 許雅娟, Y-C.,王靜枝, J.-J.(2004)。越勞職前護理教育課程之設計及實施成效。長期照護雜誌，8(1)，79-88。
  55. 陳正芬, C.-F.(2001)。雙軌分立的長期照顧體系：照顧服務員國籍與品質的抉擇叉路。台灣社會研究季刊，85，381-386。
  56. 陳向明, X.-M.(2002).社會科學質的研究.臺北=Taipei, Taiwan:五南=Wu-Nan Culture Enterprise.
  57. 陳妮婉, N.-W.,宋綉鈺, H.-Y.,張淑萍, S.-P.,葉明珍, M.-C.,張彩秀, T.-H.(2009)。住院病人接受外籍監護工照護之滿意度探討。澄清醫護管理雜誌，5(2)，22-30。
  58. 陳美如, M.-J.,盧玉華, Y.-H.,陳秋君, C.-C.,李愛誠, A.-C.(2014)。降低外籍看護執行管路照護錯誤率之改善專案。護理雜誌，61(4)，66-73。
  59. 陳惠姿, H.-T.(2008)。老人及長期照護人力培育。護理雜誌，55(4)，11-16。
  60. 陳麗津, L.-J.,林昱宏, Y.-H.(2012)。機構照顧服務員之工作能力初探。崇仁學報，5，1-23。
  61. 勞動部（2018b）。〈產業及社福外籍勞工人數—按產業分〉。取自 http://statdb.mol.gov.tw/html/mon/212020.htm 【Ministry of Labor. (2018b). Foreign workers in productive industries and social wealfare by nationality. Retrieved from http://statdb.mol.gov.tw/html/mon/212020.htm】
  62. 勞動部（2014）。〈勞動情勢統計要覽〉。取自 http://statdb.mol.gov.tw/html/trend/103/51203.pdf 【Ministry of Labor. (2014). Labor statistics survey. Retrieved from http://statdb.mol.gov.tw/html/trend/103/51203.pdf】
  63. 勞動部（2000）。〈外籍勞工管理及運用調查〉。取自 http://statdb.mol.gov.tw/html/svy02/0241menu.htm【Ministry of Labor. (2000). An investigation of 2015 the foreign workers management practices. Retrieved from http://statdb.mol.gov.tw/html/svy02/0241menu.htm】
  64. 勞動部（2018a）。〈106 年外籍勞工管理及運用調查統計結果〉。取自https://www.mol.gov.tw/announcement/2099/36422/ 【Ministry of Labor. (2018a). An investigation of 2017 the foreign workers management practices. Retrieved from https://www.mol.gov.tw/announcement/2099/36422/】
  65. 勞動部（2004）。勞動部新聞稿。取自 https://www.mol.gov.tw/media/2688844/1031224 新聞稿附件.pdf 【Ministry of Labor. (2004). press statement Retrieved from https://www.mol.gov.tw/media/2688844/1031224 新聞稿附件.pdf】
  66. 勞動部勞動力發展署（2014）。〈施政計畫〉。取自 https://www.wda.gov.tw/News.aspx?n=CA60F31A88AF3736&sms=80616FEAF60EE1E7&_CSN=90F64A99047355A7 【Workforce Development Agency, Ministry of Labor. (2014). Government program.Retrieved from https://www.wda.gov.tw/News.aspx?n=CA60F31A88AF3736&sms=80616FEAF60EE1E7&_CSN=90F64A99047355A7】
  67. 游翔閔, H.-M.(2007)。Taipei, Taiwan，國立臺灣師範大學工業科技教育學系=National Normal Taiwan University。
  68. 劉煒珮, W.-P.(2008)。Taichung, Taiwan，中國醫藥大學醫務管理學研究所=National Normal Taiwan University。
  69. 潘淑滿, S.-M.(2003).質性研究：理論與應用.臺北=Taipei, Taiwan:心理=Psychological Publishing Co., Ltd..
  70. 蔡明璋, M.-C.,陳嘉慧, J.-H.(1997)。國家、外勞政策與市場實踐：經濟社會學的分析。台灣社會研究季刊，27，69-95。
  71. 衛福部（2016）。〈長期照顧服務量能提升計畫〉。取自 https://1966.gov.tw/LTC/cp-3987-42397-201.html 【Ministry of Health and Welfare. (2016). Long-term care service capacity-building plan. Retrieved from https://1966.gov.tw/LTC/cp-3987-42397-201.html】
  72. 衛福部（2018）。〈老人長期照顧、安養機構工作人員〉。取自 https://dep.mohw.gov.tw/DOS/cp-2977-13855-113.html 【Ministry of Health and Welfare. (2016). Number of workers in elderly long-term care, nursing and caring institutions. Retrieved from https://dep.mohw.gov.tw/DOS/cp-2977-13855-113.html】
  73. 戴玉慈, Y-T.,吳淑瓊, S.-C.,林美曲, M.-Q.(2002)。內政部委託研究報告 Commissioned Research Projects of Ministry of Interior內政部委託研究報告 Commissioned Research Projects of Ministry of Interior,未出版
  74. 藍佩嘉, P.-C.(2005)。階層化的他者：家務移工的招募、訓練與種族化。臺灣社會學刊，34，1-57。
被引用次数
  1. 施景崴(Jing-Wei Shih);郭郡羽(Chun-Yu Kuo);熊乃歡(Nai-Huan Hsiung)(2022)。探究不同的教學語言及訓練教學方案對外籍照顧服務員口腔照護學習成效之影響。教育科學研究期刊。67(1)。63-93。 
print cancel