Health Care and Adult Social Care in England: An Overview and Critique with Lessons for Taiwan

10.6265/TJSW.2011.10(1)5

Rhidian Hughes；Tsung-Hsi Fu

Health care ； Social care ； Comparative policy ； England

臺灣社會福利學刊

10卷1期（2011 / 12 / 01）

217 - 254

英文

The health care and social care system in Taiwan is less developed than those in Western countries. In particular, the English system has developed considerably over the last forty years. Future development of policy in Taiwan could benefit by a study of these other systems to better understand the effectiveness and quality of their services, which are structured differently than the Taiwanese system. The first part of the paper provides high-level background information on health care and social care in England, with a brief overview of the regulatory framework. The critique draws on evidence taken largely from regulatory activities as a means of exploring the impact of two key policy agendas in England: (1) improved personalization of care, to ensure that the services are focused on the people who are most in need of them; and (2) integration of care, to ensure that the services are linked with partnering agencies as a way to increase the comprehensiveness, integration, and coordination of the services. The final part of the paper draws key implications from the English experience and applies these to Taiwan. The paper builds on a small but growing field of social policy research that the two nations share in common.

1. Wang, J-Y.(2008)。Amendments to the Mental Health Act in Taiwan and England。Journal of Social Policy and Social Work，12(1)，189-218。
   連結：
2. Thane, P. (2009). Memorandum Submitted to the House of Commons' Health Committee Inquiry: Social Care. Retrieved Dec. 19, 2011, from http://www.historyandpolicy.org/docs/thane_social_care.pdf.
3. NHS Patient Surveys (2010). The NHS Patient Survey Programme. Retrieved Dec. 19, 2011, from http://www.nhspatientsurveys.org.uk/index.html.
4. His Majesty' s Government (1942). Social Insurance and Allied Services.Report by Sir William Beveridge. Cmd 640. London: His Majesty' s Stationery Office.
5. Field, F. (2009). The Welfare State-Never Ending Reform. Retrieved Dec. 19, 2011, from http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/modern/field_01.shtml
6. The Guardian (2010). Comprehensive Spending Review 2010. Oct. 21, 2010.
7. Cabinet Office(2007).Reaching Out: Think family.London:Cabinet Office.
8. Cabinet Office(2008).Think Family: Improving the Life Chances of Families at Risk.London:Cabinet Office.
9. Care Quality Commission=CQC(2009).NHS Performance Ratings: An Overview of the Performance of NHS Trusts in England.London:Care Quality Commission.
10. Care Quality Commission=CQC(2009).Specialist Inpatient Learning Disability Dervices: Follow up of Audit Services.London:Care Quality Commission.
11. Care Quality Commission=CQC(2009).Guidance about Compliance:Essential Standards of Quality and Safety.London:Care Quality Commission.
12. Care Quality Commission=CQC(2010).The State of Health Care and Adult Social Care in England: Key Themes and Quality of Services in 2009.London:Stationery Office.
13. Care Quality Commission=CQC(2010).Performance Judgements for Adult Social Services: An Overview of the Performance of Councils in England.London:Care Quality Commission.
14. Care Quality Commission=CQC(2010).Our Strategy for 2010-2015.London:Care Quality Commission.
15. Care Quality Commission=CQC(2009).Safeguarding Children: A Review of Arrangements in the NHS for Safeguarding Children.London:Care Quality Commission.
16. Carr, S.(2010).Personalisation: A Rough Guide.London:Social Care Institute for Excellence.
17. Chen, H.(2010).Welfare and Long-term Care in the East and West: Cross-National Inequalities.International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy,30,167-181.
18. Chief Secretary to the Treasury(2003).Every Child Matters: Presented to Parliament by the Chief Secretary to the Treasury by Command of Her Majesty September 2003.London:Stationery Office.
19. Chiu, W-D.(2011).The Effectiveness of the Integration of Health and Social Service Sectors.Journal of Research, Developemnt and Evaluation,35(2),123-130.
20. Commission for Social Care Inspection=CSCI(2009).Commissioning Services and Support for People with Learning Disabilities and Complex Needs:National Report of Joint Review.London:Commission for Social Care Inspection.
21. Commission for Social Care Inspection=CSCI(2008).Putting People First:Equality and Diversity Matters 2: Providing Appropriate Services for Black and Minority Ethnic People.London:Commission for Social Care Inspection.
22. Commission for Social Care Inspection=CSCI(2008).Putting People First: Equality and Diversity Matters 1: Providing Appropriate Services for Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual and Transgender People.London:Commission for Social Care Inspection.
23. Commission for Social Care Inspection=CSCI(2009).Supporting Disabled Parents: A Family or a Fragmented Approach?.London:Commission for Social Care Inspection.
24. Commission for Social Care Inspection=CSCI(2009).Putting People First:Equality and Diversity Matters 3: Achieving Disability Equality in Social Care Services.London:Commission for Social Care Inspection.
25. Council for Economic Planning and Development(2008)。Overall Review of Care Services and the Care Industry Programme。Taipei:Council for Economic Planning and Development。
26. Department of Health(2010).Prioritising Need in the Context of Putting People First: A Whole System Approach to Eligibility for Social Care: Guidance on Eligibility Criteria for Adult Social Care.London:Department of Health.
27. Department of Health(2008).Practical Guide to Integrated Working.London:Department of Health.
28. Department of Health(2008).Living Well with Dementia: A National Dementia Strategy.London:Department of Health.
29. Department of Health(2008).Carers at the Heart of 21st Century Families and Communities.London:Department of Health.
30. Department of Health(2008).End of Life Care Strategy: Promoting High Quality Care for All Adults at the End of Life.London:Department of Health.
31. Department of Health(2011).No Health without Mental Health: A Cross-Government Mental Health Outcomes Strategy for People of all Ages.London:Department of Health.
32. Department of Health(2010).Think Local, Act Personal: Next Steps for Transforming Adult Social Care.London:Department of Health.
33. Department of Health(2009).Valuing People Now: A New Three-Year Strategy for People with Learning Disabilities: Making it Happen for Everyone.London:Department of Health.
34. Department of Health(2010).A Vision for Adult Social Care: Capable Communities and Active Citizens.London:Department of Health.
35. Executive Yuan(2008)。Population Policy。Taipei:Executive Yuan。
36. Executive Yuan(2007)。Ten-Year Plan for Promoting the Long-Term Care System。Taipei:Executive Yuan。
37. Finer, C. J.(ed.)(2001).Comparing the Social Policy Experience of Britain and Taiwan.London:Ashgate.
38. Fu, T-h(ed.),Hughes, R.(ed.)(2011).Ageing in East Asia: Challenges and Policies for the Twenty-First Century.London:Routledge.
39. Gleave, R.(2009).Across the Pond-Lessons from the US on Integrated Healthcare.London:Nuffield Trust.
40. Ham, C.(2009).Only Connect: Policy Options for Integration Health and Social Care.London:Nuffield Trust.
41. Harris, L.,Chou, Y. C.(2001).Globalization or Glocalization? Community Care in Taiwan and Britain.European Journal of Social Work,4(2),161-172.
42. Hatton, C.,Waters, J.,Duffy, S.,Senker, J.,Crosby, N.,Poll, C.(2008).A Report on in Control's Second Phase: Evaluation and Learning 2005-2007.London:In Control.
43. Her Majesty''s Government(2010).The Coalition: Our Programme for Government.London:Cabinet Office.
44. Hsiao, H. H.Ed.、Lin, W. H.Ed.(2000)。Social Welfare Movements in Taiwan。Taipei:Juliu。
45. Hu, K. C.(1995).Sheffield, England,University of Sheffield.
46. Humphries, R.,Curry, N.(2011).Integrating Health and Social Care:Where Next?.London:King' s Fund.
47. Hwang, Y.(1995).Newcastle upon Tyne, England,University of Newcastle.
48. Jones, K.(2000).The Making of Social Policy in Britain: From the Poor Law to New Labour.London:Athlone.
49. Jones, K.,Caiels, J.,Forder, J.,Windle, K.,Welch, E.,Dolan, P.(2010).Early Experiences of Implementing Personal Health Budgets.London:Personal Social Services Research Unit.
50. King''s Fund(2010).High Performing NHS. A Review of Progress 1997-2010.London:King's Fund.
51. Kuo, J. H.,Tang, Y. Y.,Chiu, K.(2009).The Implementation of Social Welfare Policy in Taiwan: Regarding Single Parent Families.Asian Social Science,5(3),118-132.
52. Lewis, R. Q.,Rosen, R.,Goodwin, N.,Dixon, J.(2010).Where Next for Integrated Care Organisations in the English NHS?.London:The Nuffield Trust.
53. Lu, P-C.(2007)。A Study for the Preparation of the White Paper on Population Policy。Taipei:Interior Ministry。
54. Moran, N.,Arksey, H.,Glendinning, C.,Jones, K.,Netten, A.,Rabiee, P.(2011).Personalisation and Carers: Whose Rights? Whose Benefits?.British Journal of Social Work,2011,1-19.
55. Nuffield Trust(2011).Predicting Social Care Costs: A Feasibility Study.London:Nuffield Trust.
56. Office for Disability Issues(2008).Independent Living: A Cross Government Strategy about Independent Living for Disabled People.London:Office for Disability Issues.
57. Platt, D.(2007).The Status of Social Care–A Review 2007.London:Department of Health.
58. Poll, C.,Dufy, S.,Hatton, C.,Sanderson, H.,Routledge, M.(2006).A Report on in Control's First Phase, 2003-2005.London:In Control.
59. Poole, T.(2009).Funding Adult Social Care in England.London:King's Fund.
60. Ramsay, A.,Fulop, N.,Edwards, N.(2009).The Evidence Base for Vertical Integration in Health Care.Journal of Integrated Care,17,3-12.
61. Secretary of State for Health(2010).Equity and Excellence: Liberating the NHS.Presented to Parliament by the Secretary of State for Health by Command of Her Majesty,London:
62. Secretary of State for Health(2010).Our Health and Wellbeing Today,London:
63. Secretary of State for Health(2006).Our Health, Our Care, Our Say: A New Direction for Community Services.Presented to Parliament by the Secretary of State for Health by Command of Her Majesty,London:
64. Secretary of State for Health(2009).NHS 2010-2015: From Good to Great. Preventative, People-centred, Productive.Presented to Parliament by the Secretary of State for Health by Command of Her Majesty,London:
65. Shaw, B. A.,Krause, N.,Liang, J.,Bennett, J.(2007).Tracking Changes in Social Relations throughout Later Life.Journals of Gerontology. Series B: Social Sciences,62(2),S90-S99.
66. Turning Point Centre for Excellence in Connected Care(2010).Benefits Realization. Assessing the Evidence for the Cost Benefit and Cost Effectiveness of Integrated Health and Social Care.London:Turning Point.
67. Webster, C.(Ed.)(1991).Aneurin Bevan on the National Health Service.Oxford:Wellcome Unit for the History of Medicine.
68. Windle, K.,Wagland, R.,Forder, J.,D'' Amico, F.,Janssen, D.,Wistow, G.(2010).National Evaluation of Partnerships for Older People Projects: Final Report.London:Personal Social Services Research Unit.